Biocompatible and Biodegradable Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles with In Vitro Photostable Near-Infrared Emission: Short-Term Fluorescent Markers

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Abstract

Imaging of biological matter by using fluorescent nanoparticles (NPs) is becoming a widespread method for in vitro imaging. However, currently there is no fluorescent NP that satisfies all necessary criteria for short-term in vivo imaging: biocompatibility, biodegradability, photostability, suitable wavelengths of absorbance and fluorescence that differ from tissue auto-fluorescence, and near infrared (NIR) emission. In this paper, we report on the photoluminescent properties of magnesium oxide (MgO) NPs that meet all these criteria. The optical defects, attributed to vanadium and chromium ion substitutional defects, emitting in the NIR, are observed at room temperature in NPs of commercial and in-house ball-milled MgO nanoparticles, respectively. As such, the NPs have been successfully integrated into cultured cells and photostable bright in vitro emission from NPs was recorded and analyzed. We expect that numerous biotechnological and medical applications will emerge as this nanomaterial satisfies all criteria for short-term in vivo imaging.

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Cell and tissue autofluorescence research and diagnostic applications.

Monica Monici (2005)

Cells contain molecules, which become fluorescent when excited by UV/Vis radiation of suitable wavelength. This fluorescence emission, arising from endogenous fluorophores, is an intrinsic property of cells and is called auto-fluorescence to be distinguished from fluorescent signals obtained by adding exogenous markers. The majority of cell auto-fluorescence originates from mitochondria and lysosomes. Together with aromatic amino acids and lipo-pigments, the most important endogenous fluorophores are pyridinic (NADPH) and flavin coenzymes. In tissues, the extracellular matrix often contributes to the auto-fluorescence emission more than the cellular component, because collagen and elastin have, among the endogenous fluorophores, a relatively high quantum yield. Changes occurring in the cell and tissue state during physiological and/or pathological processes result in modifications of the amount and distribution of endogenous fluorophores and chemical-physical properties of their microenvironment. Therefore, analytical techniques based on auto-fluorescence monitoring can be utilized in order to obtain information about morphological and physiological state of cells and tissues. Moreover, auto-fluorescence analysis can be performed in real time because it does not require any treatment of fixing or staining of the specimens. In the past few years spectroscopic and imaging techniques have been developed for many different applications both in basic research and diagnostics.

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Mechanisms of antibacterial activity of MgO: non-ROS mediated toxicity of MgO nanoparticles towards Escherichia coli.

Yu Leung, Alan M C Ng, Xiaoying Xu … (2014)

The toxicity of metal oxide nanomaterials and their antimicrobial activity is attracting increasing attention. Among these materials, MgO is particularly interesting as a low cost, environmentally-friendly material. The toxicity of MgO, similar to other metal oxide nanomaterials, is commonly attributed to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). We investigated the toxicity of three different MgO nanoparticle samples, and clearly demonstrated robust toxicity towards Escherichia coli bacterial cells in the absence of ROS production for two MgO nanoparticle samples. Proteomics data also clearly demonstrate the absence of oxidative stress and indicate that the primary mechanism of cell death is related to the cell membrane damage, which does not appear to be due to lipid peroxidation.

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Semiconductor quantum dots for bioimaging and biodiagnostic applications.

Shuming Nie, B T Stokes, Jeffrey Smith … (2013)

Semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) are light-emitting particles on the nanometer scale that have emerged as a new class of fluorescent labels for chemical analysis, molecular imaging, and biomedical diagnostics. Compared with traditional fluorescent probes, QDs have unique optical and electronic properties such as size-tunable light emission, narrow and symmetric emission spectra, and broad absorption spectra that enable the simultaneous excitation of multiple fluorescence colors. QDs are also considerably brighter and more resistant to photobleaching than are organic dyes and fluorescent proteins. These properties are well suited for dynamic imaging at the single-molecule level and for multiplexed biomedical diagnostics at ultrahigh sensitivity. Here, we discuss the fundamental properties of QDs; the development of next-generation QDs; and their applications in bioanalytical chemistry, dynamic cellular imaging, and medical diagnostics. For in vivo and clinical imaging, the potential toxicity of QDs remains a major concern. However, the toxic nature of cadmium-containing QDs is no longer a factor for in vitro diagnostics, so the use of multicolor QDs for molecular diagnostics and pathology is probably the most important and clinically relevant application for semiconductor QDs in the immediate future.

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Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Nanomaterials (Basel)

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Nanomaterials (Basel)

Journal ID (publisher-id): nanomaterials

Title: Nanomaterials

Publisher: MDPI

ISSN (Electronic): 2079-4991

Publication date (Electronic): 23 September 2019

Publication date Collection: October 2019

Volume: 9

Issue: 10

Electronic Location Identifier: 1360

Affiliations

[1 ]School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; r.norello22@ 123456gmail.com (R.N.); jptetienne@ 123456gmail.com (J.-P.T.); tkarle@ 123456unimelb.edu.au (T.J.K.)

[2 ]School of Science, Engineering and Health, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; amanda.abraham@ 123456rmit.edu.au (A.N.A.); ravi.shukla@ 123456rmit.edu.au (R.S.)

[3 ]Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; ewlui@ 123456unimelb.edu.au (E.W.C.L.); k.xia@ 123456unimelb.edu.au (K.X.)

[4 ]Faculty of Science and Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia; phong.tran@ 123456qut.edu.au

[5 ]Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Particulate Fluids Processing Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; a.oconnor@ 123456unimelb.edu.au

[6 ]The Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; bruce.mann@ 123456mh.org.au

[7 ]The Breast Service, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Richard.DeBoer@ 123456wh.org.au

[8 ]Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China; heyl3@ 123456mail.sustc.edu.cn (Y.H.); ngamc@ 123456sustc.edu.cn (A.M.C.N.)

[9 ]Department of Physics, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China; dalek@ 123456hku.hk

Author notes

[* ]Correspondence: asma.khalid@ 123456rmit.edu.au (A.K.); snjezana.thanic@ 123456unimelb.edu.au (S.T.-H.)

Author information

Amanda N. Abraham https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4778-1372

Kenong Xia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3469-435X

Andrea J. O’Connor https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6925-885X

Article

Publisher ID: nanomaterials-09-01360

DOI: 10.3390/nano9101360

PMC ID: 6835516

PubMed ID: 31547487

SO-VID: 5e2b95fd-d64f-44ff-841e-d5ea83f380f1

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Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

Biocompatible and Biodegradable Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles with In Vitro Photostable Near-Infrared Emission: Short-Term Fluorescent Markers

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Photoluminescent Nanomaterials

Most cited references 33

Cell and tissue autofluorescence research and diagnostic applications.

Mechanisms of antibacterial activity of MgO: non-ROS mediated toxicity of MgO nanoparticles towards Escherichia coli.

Semiconductor quantum dots for bioimaging and biodiagnostic applications.

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