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      Cultura e clima organizacional para segurança do paciente em Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Translated title: Organizational culture and climate for patient safety in Intensive Care Units Translated title: Seguridad del paciente en Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos

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          Abstract

          RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar a percepção dos profissionais de saúde sobre o clima e a cultura de segurança do paciente em Unidades de Terapia Intensiva (UTI) e a relação entre os instrumentos Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (HSOPSC) e o Safety Attitudes Questionnaire (SAQ). Método Estudo transversal realizado em hospital de ensino no interior do estado de São Paulo, Brasil, em março/abril de 2014. Aplicaram-se o HSOPSC, o SAQ e um instrumento para levantamento das informações sociodemográficas e profissionais aos funcionários das UTI adulto, pediátrica e neonatal. A análise utilizou a estatística descritiva. Resultados As escalas apresentaram boa confiabilidade. Maiores fragilidades para a segurança do paciente foram observadas nos domínios “condições de trabalho” e “percepções da gerência” do SAQ e “resposta não punitiva aos erros” do HSOPSC. As fortalezas no SAQ foram o “clima de trabalho em equipe” e a “satisfação no trabalho” e para o HSOPSC “expectativas e ações de promoção de segurança supervisores/gerentes” e “aprendizado organizacional e melhoria mútua”. Na UTI Neonatal houve maior satisfação no trabalho do que nas demais UTI. A UTI Adulto apresentou menores pontuações para a maioria dos domínios do SAQ e HSOPSC. A correlação entre as escalas foi de força moderada (r=0,66). Conclusão Há diferenças de percepções quanto à segurança do paciente entre as UTI, o que corrobora com a existência de microculturas locais. O estudo não demonstra que o SAQ e o HSOPSC sejam equivalentes.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT Objective To assess the perception of health professionals about patient safety climate and culture in different intensive care units (ICUs) and the relationship between scores obtained on the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (HSOPSC) and the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire (SAQ). Method A cross-sectional study conducted at a teaching hospital in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, in March and April 2014. As data gathering instruments, the HSOPSC, SAQ and a questionnaire with sociodemographic and professional information about the staff working in an adult, pediatric and neonatal ICU were used. Data analysis was conducted with descriptive statistics. Results The scales presented good reliability. Greater weaknesses in patient safety were observed in the Working conditions andPerceptions of management domains of the SAQ and in the Nonpunitive response to error domain of the HSOPSC. The strengths indicated by the SAQ wereTeamwork climate and Job satisfactionand by the HSOPC, Supervisor/manager expectations and actions promoting safety and Organizational learning-continuous improvement. Job satisfaction was higher among neonatal ICU workers when compared with the other ICUs. The adult ICU presented lower scores for most of the SAQ and HSOPSC domains. The scales presented moderate correlation between them (r=0.66). Conclusion There were differences in perception regarding patient safety among ICUs, which corroborates the existence of local microcultures. The study did not demonstrate equivalence between the SAQ and the HSOPSC.

          Translated abstract

          RESUMEN Objetivo Evaluar la percepción de los profesionales de la salud sobre el clima y la cultura de seguridad del paciente en las unidades de cuidados intensivos (UCI) y la relación entre los instrumentos Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (HSOPSC) y el Safety Attitudes Questionnaire (SAQ). Método Estudio transversal realizado en un hospital universitario en el estado de São Paulo, Brasil, en marzo/abril de 2014. Se aplicaron los instrumentos HSOPSC y el SAQ, y un instrumento para la información socio-demográfica y profesional de los profesionales de la UCI de adultos, pediátrica y neonatal. Se utilizó la estadística descriptiva para el análisis de los datos. Resultados las escalas mostraron buena fiabilidad. Se observaron importantes debilidades para la seguridad del paciente en la dimensión “condiciones de trabajo” y “percepciones de gestión” del SAQ y en la “respuesta no punitiva a los errores” del HSOPSC. Fortalezas en la SAQ fueron “el clima en el equipo de trabajo” y la “satisfacción en el trabajo” y en el HSOPSC las “expectativas y promoción de la seguridad acciones por los supervisores/gerentes” y “aprendizaje y el mejoramiento mutuo”. La UCI neonatal mostró mayor satisfacción en el trabajo que las otras UCI. La UCI de adultos tuvo puntuaciones más bajas para la mayoría de los dominios del SAQ y HSOPSC. La correlación entre las escalas fue de fuerza moderada (r=0,66). Conclusión Existen diferencias en la percepción de la seguridad del paciente entre las UCI, lo que confirma la existencia de micro culturas locales. El estudio no muestra que la SAQ y la HSOPSC son equivalentes.

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          Human error: models and management

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            Measuring patient safety climate: a review of surveys.

            Five years ago the Institute of Medicine recommended improving patient safety by addressing organizational cultural issues. Since then, surveys measuring a patient safety climate considered predictive of health outcomes have begun to emerge. This paper compares the general characteristics, dimensions covered, psychometrics performed, and uses in studies of patient safety climate surveys. Systematic literature review. Nine surveys were found that measured the patient safety climate of an organization. All used Likert scales, mostly to measure attitudes of individuals. Nearly all covered five common dimensions of patient safety climate: leadership, policies and procedures, staffing, communication, and reporting. The strength of psychometric testing varied. While all had been used to compare units within or between hospitals, only one had explored the association between organizational climate and patient outcomes. Patient safety climate surveys vary considerably. Achievement of a culture conducive to patient safety may be an admirable goal in its own right, but more effort should be expended on understanding the relationship between measures of patient safety climate and patient outcomes.
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              Intensive care unit safety culture and outcomes: a US multicenter study.

              Safety culture may influence patient outcomes, but evidence is limited. We sought to determine if intensive care unit (ICU) safety culture is independently associated with outcomes. Cohort study combining safety culture survey data with the Project IMPACT Critical Care Medicine (PICCM) clinical database. Thirty ICUs participating in the PICCM database. A total of 65 978 patients admitted January 2001-March 2005. None. Hospital mortality and length of stay (LOS). From December 2003 to April 2004, we surveyed study ICUs using the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire-ICU version, a validated instrument that assesses safety culture across six factors. We calculated factor mean and percent-positive scores (% respondents with mean score > or =75 on a 0-100 scale) for each ICU, and generated case-mix adjusted, patient-level, ICU-clustered regression analyses to determine the independent association of safety culture and outcome. We achieved a 47.9% response (2103 of 4373 ICU personnel). Culture scores were mostly low to moderate and varied across ICUs (range: 13-88, percent-positive scores). After adjustment for patient, hospital and ICU characteristics, for every 10% decrease in ICU perceptions of management percent-positive score, the odds ratio for hospital mortality was 1.24 (95% CI: 1.07-1.44; P = 0.005). For every 10% decrease in ICU safety climate percent-positive score, LOS increased 15% (95% CI: 1-30%; P = 0.03). Sensitivity analyses for non-response bias consistently associated safety climate with outcome, but also yielded some counterintuitive results. In a multicenter study conducted in the USA, perceptions of management and safety climate were moderately associated with outcomes. Future work should further develop methods of assessing safety culture and association with outcomes.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                reeusp
                Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USP
                Rev. esc. enferm. USP
                Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Enfermagem (São Paulo )
                1980-220X
                December 2015
                : 49
                : spe
                : 123-130
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade de São Paulo Brazil
                [2 ] Universidade de São Paulo Brazil
                Article
                S0080-62342015000700123
                10.1590/S0080-623420150000700018
                26761702
                5f0eef12-af0f-4738-8626-80d98ba9fba0

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
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                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0080-6234&lng=en
                Categories
                NURSING

                Nursing
                Patient Safety,Organizational Culture,Intensive Care Unit,Nursing,Health Personnel,Seguridad del Paciente,Cultura Organizacional,Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos,Enfermería,Personal de Salud,Segurança do Paciente,Unidades de Terapia Intensiva,Enfermagem,Pessoal de Saúde

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