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      Epidemiology and diagnosis technologies of human metapneumovirus in China: a mini review

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          Abstract

          Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a newly identified pathogen causing acute respiratory tract infections in young infants worldwide. Since the initial document of HMPV infection in China in 2003, Chinese scientists have made lots of efforts to prevent and control this disease, including developing diagnosis methods, vaccines and antiviral agents against HMPV, as well as conducting epidemiological investigations. However, effective vaccines or special antiviral agents against HMPV are currently not approved, thus developing early diagnosis methods and knowing its epidemiological characteristics will be beneficial for HMPV control. Here, we summarized current research focused on the epidemiological characteristics of HMPV in China and its available detection methods, which will be beneficial to increase the public awareness and disease control in the future.

          Supplementary Information

          The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12985-024-02327-9.

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          Most cited references107

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          A newly discovered human pneumovirus isolated from young children with respiratory tract disease

          From 28 young children in the Netherlands, we isolated a paramyxovirus that was identified as a tentative new member of the Metapneumovirus genus based on virological data, sequence homology and gene constellation. Previously, avian pneumovirus was the sole member of this recently assigned genus, hence the provisional name for the newly discovered virus: human metapneumovirus. The clinical symptoms of the children from whom the virus was isolated were similar to those caused by human respiratory syncytial virus infection, ranging from upper respiratory tract disease to severe bronchiolitis and pneumonia. Serological studies showed that by the age of five years, virtually all children in the Netherlands have been exposed to human metapneumovirus and that the virus has been circulating in humans for at least 50 years.
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            Clinical Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing for Pathogen Detection

            Nearly all infectious agents contain DNA or RNA genomes, making sequencing an attractive approach for pathogen detection. The cost of high-throughput or next-generation sequencing has been reduced by several orders of magnitude since its advent in 2004, and it has emerged as an enabling technological platform for the detection and taxonomic characterization of microorganisms in clinical samples from patients. This review focuses on the application of untargeted metagenomic next-generation sequencing to the clinical diagnosis of infectious diseases, particularly in areas in which conventional diagnostic approaches have limitations. The review covers ( a) next-generation sequencing technologies and common platforms, ( b) next-generation sequencing assay workflows in the clinical microbiology laboratory, ( c) bioinformatics analysis of metagenomic next-generation sequencing data, ( d) validation and use of metagenomic next-generation sequencing for diagnosing infectious diseases, and ( e) significant case reports and studies in this area. Next-generation sequencing is a new technology that has the promise to enhance our ability to diagnose, interrogate, and track infectious diseases.
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              Children with Respiratory Disease Associated with Metapneumovirus in Hong Kong

              Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a newly discovered pathogen thought to be associated with respiratory disease. We report the results of a study of 587 children hospitalized with respiratory infection over a 13-month period. HMPV was detected in the nasopharyngeal aspirates from 32 (5.5%) children by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. HMPV infection was associated with clinical diagnoses of pneumonia (36%), asthma exacerbation (23%), or acute bronchiolitis (10%). When compared to those with respiratory syncytial virus infection, children with HMPV infection were older, and wheezing was more likely to represent asthma exacerbation rather than acute bronchiolitis. HMPV viral activity peaked during the spring-summer period in Hong Kong. Phylogenetically, all HMPV virus strains from Hong Kong belonged to one of the two genetic lineages previously described. HMPV contributed to 441.6 hospital admissions per 100,000 population <6 years of age.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                zyf02582023@163.com
                Journal
                Virol J
                Virol J
                Virology Journal
                BioMed Central (London )
                1743-422X
                7 March 2024
                7 March 2024
                2024
                : 21
                : 59
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Xiangtan Central Hospital, ( https://ror.org/02dx2xm20) Xiangtan, 411100 Hunan China
                [2 ]Xiangtan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, ( https://ror.org/05x9nc097) Xiangtan, 411100 China
                Article
                2327
                10.1186/s12985-024-02327-9
                10921660
                38454484
                5f52a516-f343-45bc-acbd-099235ff3d8a
                © The Author(s) 2024

                Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

                History
                : 12 December 2023
                : 26 February 2024
                Funding
                Funded by: Xiangtan Medical Associated Project
                Award ID: 2022-xtyx-2
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: Project of Hunan Provincial Health Commission
                Award ID: D20230619358
                Award Recipient :
                Categories
                Review
                Custom metadata
                © BioMed Central Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2024

                Microbiology & Virology
                human metapneumovirus,epidemiological characteristics,genotype,diagnosis methods,china

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