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      Mood disorder and epilepsy: a neurobiologic perspective of their relationship Translated title: Trastorno afectivo y epilepsia: una perspectiva neurobiológica de su relación Translated title: Troubles de l'humeur et épilepsie: perspective neurobiologique de leur interaction

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          Abstract

          Mood disorders are the most frequent psychiatric comorbidity in epilepsy, and in particular in temporal lobe epilepsy. For a long time, depressive disorders were considered to be the expression of a reactive process to the obstacles of a life with epilepsy Data obtained in the last two decades, however, have demonstrated biochemical, neuropathoiogical, and neurophysioiogic changes mediating the development of mood disorders, which in fact can be tested in animal models. Furthermore, there is also evidence that mood disorders and epilepsy have a complex relationship which is bidirectional; that is, not only are patients with epilepsy at greater risk of developing depression, but patients with depression have a higher risk of developing epilepsy. Such a relationship can only be explained by the existence of common pathogenic mechanisms that are operant in both conditions. These include changes in neurotransmitters, such as serotonin, norepinephrine, glutamate, and γ-aminobutyric acid. Such a bidirectional relationship also appears to have important clinical consequences. Indeed, patients with a history of mood disorders are twice as likely to develop pharmacoresistant epilepsy as those without such a history. These data are reviewed in this article.

          Translated abstract

          Los trastornos afectivos constituyen la comorbilidad más frecuente en la epilepsia, particularmente en la epilepsia del lóbulo temporal, Por largo tiempo los trastornos depresivos fueron considerados expresión de un proceso reactivo a los obstáculos de una vida con epilepsia. Sin embargo, datos obtenidos en las últimas dos décadas han demostrado cambios bioquímicos, neuropatológicos y neurofisiológicos que median el desarrollo de los trastornos del ánimo, los que de hecho pueden ser probados en modelos animales, También existe evidencia que los trastornos afectivos y la epilepsia tienen una compleja celación que es bidireccional; esto significa que no sólo los pacientes con epilepsia tienen mayor riesgo de desarrollar depresión, sino que los pacientes con depresión tienen mayor riesgo de desarrollar epilepsia, Tal relación sólo puede ser explicada por la existencia de mecanismos patogénicos comunes que operan en ambas direcciones, Estos incluyen cambios en neurotransmisores como serotonina, noradrenalina, glutamato y ácido gama-aminobutírico. Esta relación bidireccional también parece tener importantes consecuencias clínicas. De hecho, pacientes con historia de trastornos afectivos duplican la probabilidad de desarrollar epilepsia resisiente a fármacos en relación con aquellos que no tienen ese antecedente. Estos datos son revisados en este artículo.

          Translated abstract

          Le trouble de l'humeur est la comorbidité la plus fréquente au cours de l'épilepsie, et en particulier de l'épilepsie du lobe temporal. Les troubles dépressifs de l'épileptique ont pendant longtemps été considérés comme l'expression d'une réaction aux obstacles rencontrés au cours de la vie. Les données obtenues ces 10 dernières années ont néanmoins mis en évidence des changements biochimiques, neuropathologiques et neurophysiologiques facilitant l'émergence des troubles de l'humeur, et pouvant en fait être testés sur des modèles animaux. De plus, il existe également des arguments en faveur d'une relation complexe, bidirectionnelle, entre les troubles de l'humeur et l'épilepsie; non seulement les patients épileptiques ont plus de risque de développer une dépression, mais les patients dépressifs ont quant à eux un risque plus élevé de développer une comitialité. Une telle relation ne peut s'expliquer que par l'existence de mécanismes paihogéniques communs intervenant dans les deux affections. Des modifications au niveau des neurotransmetteurs, comme la sérotonine, la norepinephrine, le glutamate et l'acide γ-aminobutyrique en font partie. Ces relations bidirectionnelles entraînent des conséquences cliniques importantes. En effet, les patients ayant des antécédents de troubles de l'humeur ont deux fois plus de risque de développer une épilepsie pharmacorésistante que ceux qui en sont indemnes. Ces données sont examinées dans notre article.

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          Most cited references53

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          The catecholamine hypothesis of affective disorders: a review of supporting evidence.

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            Psychiatric comorbidity in epilepsy: a population-based analysis.

            The estimated prevalence of mental health disorders in those with epilepsy in the general population varies owing to differences in study methods and heterogeneity of epilepsy syndromes. We assessed the population-based prevalence of various psychiatric conditions associated with epilepsy using a large Canadian national population health survey. The Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS 1.2) was used to explore numerous aspects of mental health in persons with epilepsy in the community compared with those without epilepsy. The CCHS includes administration of the World Mental Health Composite International Diagnostic Interview to a sample of 36,984 subjects. Age-specific prevalence of mental health conditions in epilepsy was assessed using logistic regression. The prevalence of epilepsy was 0.6%. Individuals with epilepsy were more likely than individuals without epilepsy to report lifetime anxiety disorders or suicidal thoughts with odds ratio of 2.4 (95% CI = 1.5-3.8) and 2.2 (1.4-3.3), respectively. In the crude analysis, the odds of lifetime major depression or panic disorder/agoraphobia were not greater in those with epilepsy than those without epilepsy, but the association with lifetime major depression became significant after adjustment for covariates. In the community, epilepsy is associated with an increased prevalence of mental health disorders compared with the general population. Epilepsy is also associated with a higher prevalence of suicidal ideation. Understanding the psychiatric correlates of epilepsy is important to adequately manage this patient population.
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              American Psychiatrie Association

              (1994)
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Professor of Neurological Sciences and Psychiatry, Rush Medical College; Director, Laboratory of Electroencephalography and Video-EEG-Telemetry; Associate Director, Section of Epilepsy and Rush Epilepsy Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
                Journal
                Dialogues Clin Neurosci
                Dialogues Clin Neurosci
                Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience
                Les Laboratoires Servier (France )
                1294-8322
                1958-5969
                March 2008
                : 10
                : 1
                : 39-45
                Affiliations
                Professor of Neurological Sciences and Psychiatry, Rush Medical College; Director, Laboratory of Electroencephalography and Video-EEG-Telemetry; Associate Director, Section of Epilepsy and Rush Epilepsy Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
                Author notes
                Article
                10.31887/DCNS.2008.10.1/amkanner
                3181864
                18472483
                601963e0-417c-428e-ac59-6eb52655ea30
                Copyright: © 2008 LLS

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Categories
                Basic Research

                Neurosciences
                norepinephrine,major depressive disorder,hippocampal atrophy,genetically epilepsy-prone rat,serotonin

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