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      Aspergillus labruscus sp. nov., a new species of Aspergillus section Nigri discovered in Brazil

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          Abstract

          A novel fungal species, Aspergillus labruscus sp. nov., has been found in Brazil during an investigation of the fungal species present on the surface of grape berries ( Vitis labrusca L.) for use in the production of concentrated grape juice. It seems to be associated to V. labrusca, and has never been recovered from Vitis vinifera. This new species belonging to Aspergillus subgenus Circumdati section Nigri is described here using morphological characters, extrolite profiling, partial sequence data from the BenA and CaM genes, and internal transcribed spacer sequences of ribosomal DNA. Phenotypic and molecular data enabled this novel species to be clearly distinguished from other black aspergilli. A. labruscus sp. nov. is uniseriate, has yellow mycelium, poor sporulation on CYA at 25 °C, abundant salmon to pink sclerotia and rough conidia. Neoxaline and secalonic acid D were consistently produced by isolates in this taxon. The type strain of A. labruscus sp. nov. is CCT 7800 (T) = ITAL 22.223 (T) = IBT 33586 (T).

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          Finding needles in haystacks: linking scientific names, reference specimens and molecular data for Fungi

          Conrad Schoch, Barbara Robbertse, Vincent Robert … (2014)
          DNA phylogenetic comparisons have shown that morphology-based species recognition often underestimates fungal diversity. Therefore, the need for accurate DNA sequence data, tied to both correct taxonomic names and clearly annotated specimen data, has never been greater. Furthermore, the growing number of molecular ecology and microbiome projects using high-throughput sequencing require fast and effective methods for en masse species assignments. In this article, we focus on selecting and re-annotating a set of marker reference sequences that represent each currently accepted order of Fungi. The particular focus is on sequences from the internal transcribed spacer region in the nuclear ribosomal cistron, derived from type specimens and/or ex-type cultures. Re-annotated and verified sequences were deposited in a curated public database at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), namely the RefSeq Targeted Loci (RTL) database, and will be visible during routine sequence similarity searches with NR_prefixed accession numbers. A set of standards and protocols is proposed to improve the data quality of new sequences, and we suggest how type and other reference sequences can be used to improve identification of Fungi. Database URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioproject/PRJNA177353
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            Micro-scale extraction procedure for standardized screening of fungal metabolite production in cultures.

            J Smedsgaard (1997)
            A simple and rapid standardized micro-scale extraction procedure has been developed to prepare extracts from fungal cultures for high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) analysis. The method is based on ultrasonic extraction of three 6-mm plugs cut from a culture using 0.5 ml of solvent followed by a simple solvent change, filtration and injection. Approximately 5 min of work is involved in the extraction and work-up process and the extract can prepared for HPLC analysis within 60-70 min. The method has been used for determination of chromatographic metabolite profiles from 395 fungal isolates, including all terverticillate Penicillium species, cultivated on both Czapek Yeast Autolysate agar and Yeast Extract Sucrose agar. The concentration of the extracts proved to be sufficient to determine all secondary metabolites reported to be produced by these species using HPLC with diode array detection. These findings were confirmed by analyses of 132 pure metabolite standards.
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              Concord grape juice supplementation and neurocognitive function in human aging.

              Eckart Fleck, Robert Krikorian, Marcelle Shidler … (2012)
              Polyphenol compounds found in berry fruits, in particular flavonoids, have been associated with health benefits including improvement in cognition and neuronal function with aging. Concord grape juice contains polyphenols, including anthocyanins and flavanols, and previous research has shown improvement in a number of human health conditions with grape juice supplementation. In the current study, older adult subjects with mild cognitive impairment consumed Concord grape juice or placebo for 16 weeks and were administered assessments of memory function and brain activation pre- and postintervention. Participants who consumed grape juice showed reduced semantic interference on memory tasks. Relatively greater activation in anterior and posterior regions of the right hemisphere was also observed with functional magnetic resonance imaging in the grape juice treated subjects. These findings provide further evidence that Concord grape juice can enhance neurocognitive function in older adults with mild memory decline.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Maria Helena P. Fungaro: mariafungaro@gmail.com
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Sci Rep
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Sci Rep
                Title: Scientific Reports
                Publisher: Nature Publishing Group UK (London )
                ISSN (Electronic): 2045-2322
                Publication date (Electronic): 24 July 2017
                Publication date PMC-release: 24 July 2017
                Publication date Collection: 2017
                Volume: 7
                Electronic Location Identifier: 6203
                Affiliations
                [1 ]ISNI 0000 0001 2193 3537, GRID grid.411400.0, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, , Universidade Estadual de Londrina, ; Londrina, Paraná Brazil
                [2 ]ISNI 0000 0001 0627 9645, GRID grid.469358.5, Centro de Ciência e Qualidade de Alimentos, , Instituto de Tecnologia de Alimentos, ; Campinas, São Paulo Brazil
                [3 ]ISNI 0000 0001 2181 8870, GRID grid.5170.3, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, , Technical University of Denmark, ; Lyngby, Denmark
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0573-4340
                Article
                Publisher ID: 6589
                DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06589-y
                PMC ID: 5524721
                PubMed ID: 28740180
                SO-VID: 6075e89d-f12b-4f2b-aa2c-5d50fd643cb7
                Copyright © © The Author(s) 2017
                License:

                Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

                History
                Date received : 15 February 2017
                Date accepted : 22 June 2017
                Categories
                Subject: Article
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                issue-copyright-statement © The Author(s) 2017

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