Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is regarded a clinical vital sign, and accurate reference values for all age groups are essential. Little data exist on CRF and cardiorespiratory function in older adults. The aim of this study was to provide normative values for CRF and cardiorespiratory function in older adults, including people with history of cardiovascular diseases (CVD).
In total, 1537 (769 women) participants age 70 to 77 yr underwent clinical examinations and cardiopulmonary exercise tests. Peak oxygen uptake (V˙O 2peak), ventilation ( V˙ Epeak), expiration of carbon dioxide (VV˙CO 2peak), breathing frequency (BF peak), tidal volume ( V Tpeak), oxygen pulse (O 2 pulse peak), ventilatory efficiency (EqV˙O 2peak and EqV˙CO 2peak), and 1-min HR recovery were assessed.
Men compared with women had higher V˙O 2peak (31.3 ± 6.7 vs 26.2 ± 5.0 mL·min −1·kg −1), BF peak (41.8 ± 8.0 vs 39.7 ± 7.1 breaths per minute), V Tpeak (2.3 ± 0.5 vs 1.6 ± 0.3), O 2 pulse peak (16.4 ± 3.2 vs 11.3 ± 2.0), V˙CO 2peak (2.9 ± 0.2 and 1.9 ± 0.1 L·min −1), V˙ Epeak (96.2 ± 21.7 vs 61.1 ± 21.6 L·min −1), EqV˙O 2peak (38.0 ± 6.9 vs 35.1 ± 5.6), and EqV˙CO 2peak (33.5 ± 5.7 vs 31.9 ± 4.5). Women and men with CVD had lower V˙O 2peak (14% and 19%), peak HR (5% and 6%), V˙ Epeak (8% and 10%), V Tpeak (7% and 4%), and lower EqV˙CO 2peak (4% and 6%) compared with their healthy counterparts, respectively. Compared with healthy women and men, 1-min HR recovery was 12% and 16% lower for women and men with CVD.