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      Skin Cancer Prevention, Tanning and Vitamin D: A Content Analysis of Print Media in Germany and Switzerland

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          Abstract

          Background: Print media are a major source of health information. Objectives: To analyse press coverage related to skin cancer prevention. Methods: We conducted a content analysis of print media articles pertaining to skin cancer prevention, solaria and vitamin D published in Germany and Switzerland over a 1-year period between 2012 and 2013. Results: Overall, 2,103 articles were analysed. Applying sunscreen was by far the most common sun protection recommendation. A considerable number of articles on solaria and vitamin D advocated exposure to ultraviolet radiation to enhance physical appearance and vitamin D photosynthesis, often without mentioning any precaution measures. In total, 26.8% of the articles contained misleading or erroneous statements mostly related to sunscreen use and vitamin D issues. Conclusions: Print media can serve as powerful education tools to foster skin cancer prevention. However, misleading or erroneous reports may negatively impact sun-safe behaviour.

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          A systematic review of worldwide incidence of nonmelanoma skin cancer.

          A. Lomas, J Leonardi-Bee, F Bath-Hextall (2012)
            Nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is the most common cancer affecting white-skinned individuals and the incidence is increasing worldwide. This systematic review brings together 75 studies conducted over the past half century to look at geographical variations and trends worldwide in NMSC, and specifically incidence data are compared with recent U.K. cancer registry data. Following the development of a comprehensive search strategy, an assessment tool was adapted to look at the methodological quality of the eligible studies. Most of the studies focused on white populations in Europe, the U.S.A. and Australia; however, limited data were available for other skin types in regions such as Africa. Worldwide the incidence for NMSC varies widely with the highest rates in Australia [>1000/100, 000 person-years for basal cell carcinoma (BCC)] and the lowest rates in parts of Africa (< 1/100, 000 person-years for BCC). The average incidence rates in England were 76·21/100, 000 person-years and 22·65/100, 000 person-years for BCC and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), respectively, with highest rates in the South-West of England (121·29/100, 000 person-years for BCC and 33·02/100, 000 person-years for SCC) and lowest rates by far in London (0·24/100, 000 person-years for BCC and 14·98/100, 000 person-years for SCC). The incidence rates in the U.K. appear to be increasing at a greater rate when compared with the rest of Europe. NMSC is an increasing problem for health care services worldwide. This review highlights a requirement for prevention studies in this area and the issues surrounding incomplete NMSC registration. Registration standards of NMSC should be improved to the level of other invasive disease. © 2012 The Authors. BJD © 2012 British Association of Dermatologists.
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            The epidemiology of UV induced skin cancer

            Bruce Armstrong, Anne Kricker (2001)
            Article 0 comments Cited 259 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              Reduction of solar keratoses by regular sunscreen use.

              Sandra C. Thompson, Damien Jolley, Robin Marks (1993)
              The incidence of and mortality from skin cancer are increasing in many countries. In view of the added concern about ozone depletion, many organizations are promoting the regular use of sunscreens to prevent skin cancer, despite the absence of evidence that these products have this effect. Solar (actinic) keratosis is a precursor of squamous-cell carcinoma of the skin. We conducted a randomized, controlled trial of the effect on solar keratoses of daily use of a broad-spectrum sunscreen cream with a sun-protection factor of 17 in 588 people 40 years of age or older in Australia during one summer (September 1991 to March 1992). The subjects applied either a sunscreen cream or the base cream minus the active ingredients of the sunscreen to the head, neck, forearms, and hands. The mean number of solar keratoses increased by 1.0 per subject in the base-cream group and decreased by 0.6 in the sunscreen group (difference, 1.53; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.81 to 2.25). The sunscreen group had fewer new lesions (rate ratio, 0.62; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.54 to 0.71) and more remissions (odds ratio, 1.53; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.29 to 1.80) than the base-cream group. There was a dose-response relation: the amount of sunscreen cream used was related to both the development of new lesions and the remission of existing ones. Regular use of sunscreens prevents the development of solar keratoses and, by implication, possibly reduces the risk of skin cancer in the long-term.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (publisher-id): DRM
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Dermatology
                Journal ID (doi): 10.1159/issn.1018-8665
                Title: Dermatology
                Publisher: S. Karger AG
                ISSN (Print): 1018-8665
                ISSN (Electronic): 1421-9832
                Publication date Subscription-year: 2016
                Publication date (Print): February 2016
                Publication date (Electronic): 12 August 2015
                Volume: 232
                Issue: 1
                Pages: 2-10
                Affiliations
                aBasel Pharmacoepidemiology Unit, Division of Clinical Pharmacy and Epidemiology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, and bHospital Pharmacy and cDepartment of Dermatology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, and dDepartment of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; eBoston Collaborative Drug Surveillance Program, Boston University School of Public Health, Lexington, Mass., USA; fBerufsverband der Deutschen Dermatologen e.V., Berlin, Germany
                Author notes
                *Prof. Dr. phil. nat. Christian Surber, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, CH-4031 Basel (Switzerland), E-Mail christian.surber@unibas.ch
                Article
                Publisher ID: 435913 Other ID: Dermatology 2016;232:2-10
                DOI: 10.1159/000435913
                PubMed ID: 26278913
                SO-VID: 60a0ae46-2fd6-4177-a55e-ec918293a6cd
                Copyright © © 2015 S. Karger AG, Basel
                License:

                Copyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug. Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements.

                History
                Date received : 15 May 2015
                Date accepted : 08 June 2015
                Page count
                Figures: 3, Tables: 3, References: 53, Pages: 9
                Categories
                Subject: Original Paper

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Oncology & Radiotherapy,Pathology,Surgery,Dermatology,Pharmacology & Pharmaceutical medicine
                Keywords: Skin neoplasms,Sunburn,Prevention,Ultraviolet rays,Sunscreening agents,Solaria,Vitamin D,Media,Newspapers,Magazines
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Oncology & Radiotherapy, Pathology, Surgery, Dermatology, Pharmacology & Pharmaceutical medicine
                Keywords: Skin neoplasms, Sunburn, Prevention, Ultraviolet rays, Sunscreening agents, Solaria, Vitamin D, Media, Newspapers, Magazines

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