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      Patient interviews in interprofessional and intercultural contexts (PinKo) – project report on interdisciplinary competence development in students of medicine, pharmacy, and community interpreting Translated title: Patientengespräche im interprofessionellen und interkulturellen Kontext (PinKo) – Projektbericht zur fachübergreifenden Kompetenzentwicklung bei Studierenden der Medizin, der Pharmazie und des Fachdolmetschens

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          Abstract

          Background: Hospitals and other medical institutions must prepare for a further increase in patients who are either immigrants or Germans with a migration background. In spite of the unquestionable educational and socio-political relevance of this topic, most German universities do not offer a comprehensive curriculum aimed at increasing intercultural awareness and putting it into practice in the training of students in medicine and pharmacy. Against this background, this article presents the innovative teaching project “Die Triade”, which was jointly implemented by the Departments of Medicine, Pharmacy and Translation Studies at the University of Mainz.

          Aim: The aim is to give an overview of the development, realisation, implementation and consolidation of the course “Patient interviews in interprofessional and intercultural contexts” (PinKo), which was designed in the project “Die Triade”.

          Project description: A two-day course was developed, starting with a block session for all participating students to teach the basics of interprofessional and intercultural competence development. On the second practical training day, students learn and practice triadic conversation in different language groups using scripted roles. While the trainee doctors and pharmacists represent their respective professions in the prepared conversational situations, the interpreting students take on the roles of interpreters and patients. The event is jointly supervised by lecturers from the participating professions and language groups.

          Results: In the 2016 summer semester and the following winter semester, the course was organised for a total of 112 students. The event as a whole was evaluated by means of a questionnaire by the students of the participating departments (Medicine (M) N=8, Pharmacy (P) N=60; Translation (T) N=44). Overall, the event was rated as good (1=very good, 6=insufficient) ((M) 1.67/2.00; (P) 2.29/3.33; (T) 1.50/1.86). The course tended to be rated lower by pharmacy students; this also applies to the rating of the development of interprofessional competences ((M) 1.33/2.00, (P) 2.00/2.93, (T) 1.82/2.25).

          Discussion: The course is suitable for the acquisition of interprofessional as well as intercultural competences. However, in order to improve the course in a participant-centred way, train larger numbers of participants and include additional healthcare occupations such as nursing or assistant medical professions, adaptations of the concept would be necessary. In this context, the digitalisation of the learning content appears to be particularly useful for ensuring that the course can be adapted to heterogeneous groups of participants and to optimise in-person times for further opportunities for practice.

          Zusammenfassung

          Hintergrund: Krankenhäuser und andere medizinische Einrichtungen müssen sich auf eine weitere Zunahme von Zugewanderten und Deutschen mit Migrationshintergrund als Patienten einstellen. Trotz der außer Frage stehenden bildungs- und gesellschaftspolitischen Relevanz gibt es an den meisten deutschen Universitäten jedoch kein übergreifendes curriculares Angebot in der Ausbildung von Medizin- und Pharmaziestudierenden für eine interkulturelle Sensibilisierung und deren Umsetzung in praktisches Handeln. Vor diesem Hintergrund stellt dieser Beitrag das innovative Lehrprojekt „Die Triade“ vor, das gemeinsam von den Fachbereichen Medizin, Pharmazie und Translationswissenschaft der Universität Mainz realisiert wurde.

          Ziel: Das Ziel ist es, einen Überblick über die Entwicklung, Durchführung, Implementierung und Verstetigung der Lehrveranstaltung Patientengespräche im interprofessionellen und interkulturellen Kontext (PinKo) zu geben, die im Rahmen des Projekts „Die Triade“ konzipiert wurde.

          Projektbeschreibung: Entwickelt wurde eine zweitägige Veranstaltung, beginnend mit einer Blockveranstaltung für alle teilnehmenden Studierenden zur Vermittlung von Grundlagen zur interprofessionellen und interkulturellen Kompetenzentwicklung. Am zweiten sogenannten Praxistag erlernen und üben die Studierenden anhand von vorbereiteten Rollenskripten die triadische Gesprächsführung in verschiedenen Sprachengruppen. Während die angehenden Ärzt*innen und Pharmazeut*innen ihre Professionen in den vorbereiteten Gesprächssituationen vertreten, übernehmen die Dolmetschstudierenden die Dolmetscher- und Patientenrollen. Die Veranstaltung wird gemeinschaftlich von Dozierenden der beteiligten Professionen und Sprachengruppen begleitet.

          Ergebnisse: Im Sommersemester 2016 und dem folgenden Wintersemester wurde die Veranstaltung für insgesamt 112 Studierende durchgeführt. Dabei wurde die Gesamtveranstaltung mittels Fragebogen von den Studierenden der beteiligten Fachbereiche (Medizin (M) n=8, Pharmazie (P) N=60; Translation (T) N=44) bewertet. Insgesamt wurde die Veranstaltung mit gut (1=sehr gut, 6=ungenügend) beurteilt ((M) 1.67/2.00; (P) 2.29/3.33; (T) 1.50/1.86). Die Veranstaltung wurde von den Pharmaziestudierenden tendenziell schlechter bewertet, was auch für die Bewertung der interprofessionellen Kompetenzentwicklung ((M) 1.33/2.00, (P) 2.00/2.93, (T) 1.82/2.25) gilt.

          Diskussion: Die Lehrveranstaltung ist als Lehrangebot sowohl für den Erwerb interprofessioneller als auch interkultureller Kompetenzen geeignet. Um die Veranstaltung teilnehmerzentriert zu verbessern, größere Teilnehmerzahlen zu schulen und weitere Gesundheitsberufe wie die Pflege oder medizinische Assistenzberufe miteinzubeziehen, wären allerdings Anpassungen des Konzepts notwendig. Hierbei erscheint insbesondere die Digitalisierung der Lerninhalte sinnvoll, um so eine Anpassung der Veranstaltung an heterogene Teilnehmergruppen zu gewährleisten sowie die Präsenzzeit für weitere Übungsmöglichkeiten zu optimieren.

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          Most cited references42

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          The Canadian Adverse Events Study: the incidence of adverse events among hospital patients in Canada

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            Interprofessional collaboration: three best practice models of interprofessional education

            Interprofessional education is a collaborative approach to develop healthcare students as future interprofessional team members and a recommendation suggested by the Institute of Medicine. Complex medical issues can be best addressed by interprofessional teams. Training future healthcare providers to work in such teams will help facilitate this model resulting in improved healthcare outcomes for patients. In this paper, three universities, the Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, the University of Florida and the University of Washington describe their training curricula models of collaborative and interprofessional education. The models represent a didactic program, a community-based experience and an interprofessional-simulation experience. The didactic program emphasizes interprofessional team building skills, knowledge of professions, patient centered care, service learning, the impact of culture on healthcare delivery and an interprofessional clinical component. The community-based experience demonstrates how interprofessional collaborations provide service to patients and how the environment and availability of resources impact one's health status. The interprofessional-simulation experience describes clinical team skills training in both formative and summative simulations used to develop skills in communication and leadership. One common theme leading to a successful experience among these three interprofessional models included helping students to understand their own professional identity while gaining an understanding of other professional's roles on the health care team. Commitment from departments and colleges, diverse calendar agreements, curricular mapping, mentor and faculty training, a sense of community, adequate physical space, technology, and community relationships were all identified as critical resources for a successful program. Summary recommendations for best practices included the need for administrative support, interprofessional programmatic infrastructure, committed faculty, and the recognition of student participation as key components to success for anyone developing an IPE centered program.
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              A best evidence systematic review of interprofessional education: BEME Guide no. 9.

              BACKGROUND AND REVIEW CONTEXT: Evidence to support the proposition that learning together will help practitioners and agencies work better together remains limited and thinly spread. This review identified, collated, analysed and synthesised the best available contemporary evidence from 21 of the strongest evaluations of IPE to inform the above proposition. In this way we sought to help shape future interprofessional education and maximize the potential for interprofessional learning to contribute to collaborative practice and better care. To identify and review the strongest evaluations of IPE. To classify the outcomes of IPE and note the influence of context on particular outcomes. To develop a narrative about the mechanisms that underpin and inform positive and negative outcomes of IPE. Bibliographic database searches as follows: Medline 1966-2003, CINAHL 1982-2001, BEI 1964-2001, ASSIA 1990-2003 which produced 10,495 abstracts. Subsequently, 884 full papers were obtained and scrutinized. In addition, hand searching (2003-5 issues) of 21 journals known to have published two or more higher quality studies from a previous review. Peer-reviewed papers and reports included in the review had to be formal educational initiatives attended by at least two of the many professional groups from health and social care, with the objective of improving care; and learning with, from and about each other. Standard systematic review procedures were applied for sifting abstracts, scrutinizing full papers and abstracting data. Two members of the team checked each abstract to decide whether the full paper should be read. A third member was consulted over any discrepancies. Similarly, each full paper was read by at least two members of the team and agreement sought before passing it to one member of the team (SR) for data abstraction. Other members of the team checked 10% of the abstraction records. Coding into a Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS) data base led to collection of different outcome measures used in the primary studies via the common metric of an adapted Kirkpatrick's four-level model of educational outcomes. Additionally, a narrative synthesis was built after analysis of primary data with the 3-P model (presage-process-product) of education development and delivery. Government calls for enhanced collaboration amongst practitioners frequently leads to IPE that is then developed and delivered by educators, practitioners or service managers. Staff development is a key influence on the effectiveness of IPE for learners who all have unique values about themselves and others. Authenticity and customization of IPE are important mechanisms for positive outcomes of IPE. Interprofessional education is generally well received, enabling knowledge and skills necessary for collaborative working to be learnt; it is less able to positively influence attitudes and perceptions towards others in the service delivery team. In the context of quality improvement initiatives interprofessional education is frequently used as a mechanism to enhance the development of practice and improvement of services.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                GMS J Med Educ
                GMS J Med Educ
                GMS J Med Educ
                GMS Journal for Medical Education
                German Medical Science GMS Publishing House
                2366-5017
                15 March 2021
                2021
                : 38
                : 3 , Communicative and Social Competencies/Kommunikative und soziale Kompetenzen
                : Doc67
                Affiliations
                [1 ]University of Mainz, University Medical Center, Rudolf Frey Lernklinik, Mainz, Germany
                [2 ]University of Mainz, Translation, Linguistics and Cultural Studies, Department of Intercultural German Studies, Germersheim, Germany
                [3 ]University of Graz, Department of Translation Studies, Graz, Austria
                [4 ]University of Mainz, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Clinical Pharmacy, Training Pharmacy, Mainz, Germany
                Author notes
                *To whom correspondence should be addressed: Kai-Uwe R. Strelow, University of Mainz, University Medical Center, Rudolf Frey Lernklinik, Langenbeckstraße 1, D-55131 Mainz, Germany, E-mail: kai-uwe.strelow@ 123456uni-mainz.de
                Article
                zma001463 Doc67 urn:nbn:de:0183-zma0014635
                10.3205/zma001463
                7994884
                33824903
                60d5d933-f9e6-4080-b43d-75261e244e96
                Copyright © 2021 Strelow et al.

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. See license information at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

                History
                : 31 March 2020
                : 20 January 2021
                : 30 November 2020
                Categories
                Article

                interdisciplinary teaching,interprofessional courses,intercultural competence,culture,migration,interpreters,patient interviews,treatment safety,patient safety

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