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      Enhanced Prophylaxis plus Antiretroviral Therapy for Advanced HIV Infection in Africa

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          Abstract

          In sub-Saharan Africa, among patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, the rate of death from infection (including tuberculosis and cryptococcus) shortly after the initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) is approximately 10%.

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          Most cited references22

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          Initiation of Antiretroviral Therapy in Early Asymptomatic HIV Infection

          New England Journal of Medicine, 373(9), 795-807
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            A Trial of Early Antiretrovirals and Isoniazid Preventive Therapy in Africa.

            In sub-Saharan Africa, the burden of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated tuberculosis is high. We conducted a trial with a 2-by-2 factorial design to assess the benefits of early antiretroviral therapy (ART), 6-month isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT), or both among HIV-infected adults with high CD4+ cell counts in Ivory Coast.
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              Estimation of the current global burden of cryptococcal meningitis among persons living with HIV/AIDS.

              Cryptococcal meningitis is one of the most important HIV-related opportunistic infections, especially in the developing world. In order to help develop global strategies and priorities for prevention and treatment, it is important to estimate the burden of cryptococcal meningitis. Global burden of disease estimation using published studies. We used the median incidence rate of available studies in a geographic region to estimate the region-specific cryptococcal meningitis incidence; this was multiplied by the 2007 United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS HIV population estimate for each region to estimate cryptococcal meningitis cases. To estimate deaths, we assumed a 9% 3-month case-fatality rate among high-income regions, a 55% rate among low-income and middle-income regions, and a 70% rate in sub-Saharan Africa, based on studies published in these areas and expert opinion. Published incidence ranged from 0.04 to 12% per year among persons with HIV. Sub-Saharan Africa had the highest yearly burden estimate (median incidence 3.2%, 720 000 cases; range, 144 000-1.3 million). Median incidence was lowest in Western and Central Europe and Oceania (
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                New England Journal of Medicine
                N Engl J Med
                Massachusetts Medical Society
                0028-4793
                1533-4406
                July 20 2017
                July 20 2017
                : 377
                : 3
                : 233-245
                Article
                10.1056/NEJMoa1615822
                5603269
                28723333
                6319f8d9-b435-4da3-ae7f-596ed08d903b
                © 2017
                History

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