Overweight and obesity among children under five in Ethiopia: further analysis of 2016 national demographic health survey: a case control study

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Abstract

Objective

The objective of this study was to assess the determinants of overweight and obesity among children under 5 years in Ethiopia.

Results

Data from a total of 672 (224 cases and 448 controls) under 5 years of age children were included in the study. Urban residence (AOR = 2.63, 95% CI 1.29, 5.34), boys (AOR = 1.56, 95% CI 1.10, 2.22) and age of the child less than 6 months (AOR = 3.40, 95% CI 2.05, 5.64) were the determinants for being childhood overweight and obesity.

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Most cited references 19

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Global, regional, and national prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adults during 1980-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013.

Marie Ng, Tom Fleming, Margaret W. Robinson … (2015)

In 2010, overweight and obesity were estimated to cause 3·4 million deaths, 3·9% of years of life lost, and 3·8% of disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) worldwide. The rise in obesity has led to widespread calls for regular monitoring of changes in overweight and obesity prevalence in all populations. Comparable, up-to-date information about levels and trends is essential to quantify population health effects and to prompt decision makers to prioritise action. We estimate the global, regional, and national prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adults during 1980-2013. We systematically identified surveys, reports, and published studies (n=1769) that included data for height and weight, both through physical measurements and self-reports. We used mixed effects linear regression to correct for bias in self-reports. We obtained data for prevalence of obesity and overweight by age, sex, country, and year (n=19,244) with a spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression model to estimate prevalence with 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). Worldwide, the proportion of adults with a body-mass index (BMI) of 25 kg/m(2) or greater increased between 1980 and 2013 from 28·8% (95% UI 28·4-29·3) to 36·9% (36·3-37·4) in men, and from 29·8% (29·3-30·2) to 38·0% (37·5-38·5) in women. Prevalence has increased substantially in children and adolescents in developed countries; 23·8% (22·9-24·7) of boys and 22·6% (21·7-23·6) of girls were overweight or obese in 2013. The prevalence of overweight and obesity has also increased in children and adolescents in developing countries, from 8·1% (7·7-8·6) to 12·9% (12·3-13·5) in 2013 for boys and from 8·4% (8·1-8·8) to 13·4% (13·0-13·9) in girls. In adults, estimated prevalence of obesity exceeded 50% in men in Tonga and in women in Kuwait, Kiribati, Federated States of Micronesia, Libya, Qatar, Tonga, and Samoa. Since 2006, the increase in adult obesity in developed countries has slowed down. Because of the established health risks and substantial increases in prevalence, obesity has become a major global health challenge. Not only is obesity increasing, but no national success stories have been reported in the past 33 years. Urgent global action and leadership is needed to help countries to more effectively intervene. Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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Early life risk factors for obesity in childhood: cohort study.

John J Reilly, Julie Armstrong, Ahmad R Dorosty … (2005)

To identify risk factors in early life (up to 3 years of age) for obesity in children in the United Kingdom. Prospective cohort study. Avon longitudinal study of parents and children, United Kingdom. 8234 children in cohort aged 7 years and a subsample of 909 children (children in focus) with data on additional early growth related risk factors for obesity. Obesity at age 7 years, defined as a body mass index (3) 95th centile relative to reference data for the UK population in 1990. Eight of 25 putative risk factors were associated with a risk of obesity in the final models: parental obesity (both parents: adjusted odds ratio, 10.44, 95% confidence interval 5.11 to 21.32), very early (by 43 months) body mass index or adiposity rebound (15.00, 5.32 to 42.30), more than eight hours spent watching television per week at age 3 years (1.55, 1.13 to 2.12), catch-up growth (2.60, 1.09 to 6.16), standard deviation score for weight at age 8 months (3.13, 1.43 to 6.85) and 18 months (2.65, 1.25 to 5.59); weight gain in first year (1.06, 1.02 to 1.10 per 100 g increase); birth weight, per 100 g (1.05, 1.03 to 1.07); and short (< 10.5 hours) sleep duration at age 3 years (1.45, 1.10 to 1.89). Eight factors in early life are associated with an increased risk of obesity in childhood.

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Racial/ethnic differences in early-life risk factors for childhood obesity.

Elsie Taveras, Matthew Gillman, Ken Kleinman … (2010)

By the preschool years, racial/ethnic disparities in obesity prevalence are already present. The objective of this study was to examine racial/ethnic differences in early-life risk factors for childhood obesity. A total of 1343 white, 355 black, and 128 Hispanic mother-child pairs were studied in a prospective study. Mother's reported child's race/ethnicity. The main outcome measures were risk factors from the prenatal period through 4 years old that are known to be associated with child obesity. In multivariable models, compared with their white counterparts, black and Hispanic children exhibited a range of risk factors related to child obesity. In pregnancy, these included higher rates of maternal depression (odds ratio [OR]: 1.55 for black, 1.89 for Hispanic); in infancy more rapid weight gain (OR: 2.01 for black, 1.75 for Hispanic), more likely to introduce solid foods before 4 months of age (OR: 1.91 for black, 2.04 for Hispanic), and higher rates of maternal restrictive feeding practices (OR: 2.59 for black, 3.35 for Hispanic); and after 2 years old, more televisions in their bedrooms (OR: 7.65 for black, 7.99 for Hispanic), higher intake of sugar-sweetened beverages (OR: 4.11 for black, 2.48 for Hispanic), and higher intake of fast food (OR: 1.65 for black, 3.14 for Hispanic). Black and Hispanic children also had lower rates of exclusive breastfeeding and were less likely to sleep at least 12 hours/day in infancy. Racial/ethnic differences in risk factors for obesity exist prenatally and in early childhood. Racial/ethnic disparities in childhood obesity may be determined by factors that operate at the earliest stages of life.

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Author and article information

Contributors

Haftom Gebrehiwot Weldearegay:

ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1909-7853

+251-910-20-99-85 , haftom1224@gmail.com

Tesfay Gebregzabher Gebrehiwot: tesfig@gmail.com

Mulugeta Woldu Abrha: mulugetawoldu425@gmail.com

Afework Mulugeta: afework.mulugeta@gmail.com

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): BMC Res Notes

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): BMC Res Notes

Title: BMC Research Notes

Publisher: BioMed Central (London )

ISSN (Electronic): 1756-0500

Publication date (Electronic): 31 October 2019

Publication date PMC-release: 31 October 2019

Publication date Collection: 2019

Volume: 12

Electronic Location Identifier: 716

Affiliations

[1 ]ISNI 0000 0001 1539 8988, GRID grid.30820.39, College of Health Sciences, , Mekelle University, ; Mekelle, Ethiopia

[2 ]Tigray Health Research Institute, Mekelle, Ethiopia

Author information

Haftom Gebrehiwot Weldearegay http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1909-7853

Article

Publisher ID: 4752

DOI: 10.1186/s13104-019-4752-8

PMC ID: 6822342

PubMed ID: 31672167

SO-VID: 643935a5-d4e3-4d46-86d9-ea7862d509c2

License:

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

History

Date received : 3 September 2019

Date accepted : 18 October 2019

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ScienceOpen disciplines: Medicine

Keywords: overweight and obesity,edhs,case–control study,ethiopia

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ScienceOpen disciplines: Medicine

Keywords: overweight and obesity, edhs, case–control study, ethiopia

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Overweight and obesity among children under five in Ethiopia: further analysis of 2016 national demographic health survey: a case control study

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Abstract

Objective

Results

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Most cited references 19

Global, regional, and national prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adults during 1980-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013.

Early life risk factors for obesity in childhood: cohort study.

Racial/ethnic differences in early-life risk factors for childhood obesity.

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Cited by 6

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