Generation-based life table analysis reveals manifold effects of inbreeding on the population fitness in Plutella xylostella

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Abstract

Understanding how inbreeding affects fitness is biologically important for conservation and pest management. Despite being a worldwide pest of many economically important cruciferous crops, the influence of inbreeding on diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.), populations is currently unknown. Using age-stage-specific life tables, we quantified the inbreeding effects on fitness-related traits and demographic parameters of P. xylostella. Egg hatching rate, survival and fecundity of the inbred line significantly declined compared to those of the outbred line over time. The inbred P. xylostella line showed significantly lower intrinsic rate of increase ( r), net reproduction rate ( R ₀), and finite increase rate ( λ), and increasing generation time ( T). Inbreeding effects vary with developmental stages and the fitness-related traits can be profoundly affected by the duration of inbreeding. Our work provides a foundation for further studies on molecular and genetic bases of the inbreeding depression for P. xylostella.

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Most cited references 29

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The genetics of inbreeding depression.

Deborah Charlesworth, John Willis (2009)

Inbreeding depression - the reduced survival and fertility of offspring of related individuals - occurs in wild animal and plant populations as well as in humans, indicating that genetic variation in fitness traits exists in natural populations. Inbreeding depression is important in the evolution of outcrossing mating systems and, because intercrossing inbred strains improves yield (heterosis), which is important in crop breeding, the genetic basis of these effects has been debated since the early twentieth century. Classical genetic studies and modern molecular evolutionary approaches now suggest that inbreeding depression and heterosis are predominantly caused by the presence of recessive deleterious mutations in populations.

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A heterozygous moth genome provides insights into herbivory and detoxification.

Minsheng You, Zhen Yue, Weiyi He … (2013)

How an insect evolves to become a successful herbivore is of profound biological and practical importance. Herbivores are often adapted to feed on a specific group of evolutionarily and biochemically related host plants, but the genetic and molecular bases for adaptation to plant defense compounds remain poorly understood. We report the first whole-genome sequence of a basal lepidopteran species, Plutella xylostella, which contains 18,071 protein-coding and 1,412 unique genes with an expansion of gene families associated with perception and the detoxification of plant defense compounds. A recent expansion of retrotransposons near detoxification-related genes and a wider system used in the metabolism of plant defense compounds are shown to also be involved in the development of insecticide resistance. This work shows the genetic and molecular bases for the evolutionary success of this worldwide herbivore and offers wider insights into insect adaptation to plant feeding, as well as opening avenues for more sustainable pest management.

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Diamondback moth ecology and management: problems, progress, and prospects.

Michael J. Furlong, Denis J Wright, Lloyd Dosdall (2013)

Agricultural intensification and greater production of Brassica vegetable and oilseed crops over the past two decades have increased the pest status of the diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella L., and it is now estimated to cost the world economy US$4-5 billion annually. Our understanding of some fundamental aspects of DBM biology and ecology, particularly host plant relationships, tritrophic interactions, and migration, has improved considerably but knowledge of other aspects, e.g., its global distribution and relative abundance, remains surprisingly limited. Biological control still focuses almost exclusively on a few species of hymenopteran parasitoids. Although these can be remarkably effective, insecticides continue to form the basis of management; their inappropriate use disrupts parasitoids and has resulted in field resistance to all available products. Improved ecological understanding and the availability of a series of highly effective selective insecticides throughout the 1990s provided the basis for sustainable and economically viable integrated pest management (IPM) approaches. However, repeated reversion to scheduled insecticide applications has resulted in resistance to these and more recently introduced compounds and the breakdown of IPM programs. Proven technologies for the sustainable management of DBM currently exist, but overcoming the barriers to their sustained adoption remains an enormous challenge.

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Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Sci Rep

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Sci Rep

Title: Scientific Reports

Publisher: Nature Publishing Group

ISSN (Electronic): 2045-2322

Publication date (Electronic): 31 July 2015

Publication date Collection: 2015

Volume: 5

Electronic Location Identifier: 12749

Affiliations

[1 ]Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , Fuzhou 350002, China

[2 ]Fujian-Taiwan Joint Centre for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , Fuzhou 350002, China

[3 ]Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management for Fujian-Taiwan Crops, Ministry of Agriculture , Fuzhou 350002, China

[4 ]Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University , St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada

[5 ]Graham Centre, Charles Sturt University , Orange, New South Wales 2800, Australia

[6 ]Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, 3529-6270 University Blvd. Vancouver , BC V6T 1Z4, Canada

Author notes

[a ] msyou@ 123456iae.fjau.edu.cn

[*]

These authors contributed equally to this work.

Article

Publisher Item ID: srep12749

DOI: 10.1038/srep12749

PMC ID: 4521199

PubMed ID: 26227337

SO-VID: 6456a2a5-ee07-425d-a65b-122eeedd7f06

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Generation-based life table analysis reveals manifold effects of inbreeding on the population fitness in Plutella xylostella

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Most cited references 29

The genetics of inbreeding depression.

A heterozygous moth genome provides insights into herbivory and detoxification.

Diamondback moth ecology and management: problems, progress, and prospects.

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