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      Métodos de determinación de la velocidad crítica en corredores Translated title: Methods for determining critical speed corridors

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          Abstract

          RESUMEN El creciente interés en la corrida como ejercicio, y particularmente como deporte de competición, demanda estudiar la eficiencia metabólica que presentan los corredores. La estimación de la velocidad crítica (VC) ha sido utilizada en diferentes estudios por ser de fácil aplicabilidad para determinar el umbral anaeróbico del corredor, considerando la intensidad del esfuerzo y el tiempo en que se ejecuta. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue identificar y comparar la eficiencia de los métodos que están siendo utilizados en la actualidad para la estimación de la VC en corredores. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica de artículos científicos publicados durante el periodo 2011 a 2016. El análisis de literatura mostró que en la estimación de la VC se emplean diferentes estrategias: test máximos y submáximos, continuos e intermitentes, en pista de atle tismo, trotadora y asfalto; con distintos grupos de corredores. La velocidad crítica permitió establecer eficazmente el umbral anaeróbico de las personas que practican la corrida, independientemente del grupo de individuos analizados, de forma simple, menos costosa, e igual de confiable que otros métodos de estimación del umbral anaeróbico más sofisticados, que requieren pruebas de laboratorio.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT The growing interest in running as an exercise, and particularly as a sport of competition, demands the study of runner's metabolic efficiency. The estimate of the critical velocity (CV) has been used in different studies to since it is a method of simple applicability to determine the anaerobic threshold of runners, taking into consideration the intensity of effort and the execution time. The objective of the present work was to identify and compare the efficiency of methods that are currently being used for the estimation of runner's CV. A bibliographic review of scientific articles published during the period 2011 to 2016 was carried out. The analysis of the literature showed the estimation of CV is determined by different strategies such as: maximal and submaximal tests, continuous and intermittent, in athletics track, tradmill and asphalt; with different groups of runners. The determination of critical velocity enabled an efficient establishment of the anaerobic threshold of runners, regardless of the group of individuals analyzed in a simpler, less costly, and equally reliable as other more sophisticated methods of anaerobic threshold estimation that require laboratory tests.

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          Most cited references40

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          Limiting factors for maximum oxygen uptake and determinants of endurance performance.

          In the exercising human, maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) is limited by the ability of the cardiorespiratory system to deliver oxygen to the exercising muscles. This is shown by three major lines of evidence: 1) when oxygen delivery is altered (by blood doping, hypoxia, or beta-blockade), VO2max changes accordingly; 2) the increase in VO2max with training results primarily from an increase in maximal cardiac output (not an increase in the a-v O2 difference); and 3) when a small muscle mass is overperfused during exercise, it has an extremely high capacity for consuming oxygen. Thus, O2 delivery, not skeletal muscle O2 extraction, is viewed as the primary limiting factor for VO2max in exercising humans. Metabolic adaptations in skeletal muscle are, however, critical for improving submaximal endurance performance. Endurance training causes an increase in mitochondrial enzyme activities, which improves performance by enhancing fat oxidation and decreasing lactic acid accumulation at a given VO2. VO2max is an important variable that sets the upper limit for endurance performance (an athlete cannot operate above 100% VO2max, for extended periods). Running economy and fractional utilization of VO2max also affect endurance performance. The speed at lactate threshold (LT) integrates all three of these variables and is the best physiological predictor of distance running performance.
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            Anaerobic threshold: the concept and methods of measurement.

            The anaerobic threshold (AnT) is defined as the highest sustained intensity of exercise for which measurement of oxygen uptake can account for the entire energy requirement. At the AnT, the rate at which lactate appears in the blood will be equal to the rate of its disappearance. Although inadequate oxygen delivery may facilitate lactic acid production, there is no evidence that lactic acid production above the AnT results from inadequate oxygen delivery. There are many reasons for trying to quantify this intensity of exercise, including assessment of cardiovascular or pulmonary health, evaluation of training programs, and categorization of the intensity of exercise as mild, moderate, or intense. Several tests have been developed to determine the intensity of exercise associated with AnT: maximal lactate steady state, lactate minimum test, lactate threshold, OBLA, individual anaerobic threshold, and ventilatory threshold. Each approach permits an estimate of the intensity of exercise associated with AnT, but also has consistent and predictable error depending on protocol and the criteria used to identify the appropriate intensity of exercise. These tests are valuable, but when used to predict AnT, the term that describes the approach taken should be used to refer to the intensity that has been identified, rather than to refer to this intensity as the AnT.
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              THE WORK CAPACITY OF A SYNERGIC MUSCULAR GROUP

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                cuat
                CienciaUAT
                CienciaUAT
                Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas (Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas, Mexico )
                2007-7521
                2007-7858
                June 2017
                : 11
                : 2
                : 46-53
                Affiliations
                [4] Minas Gerais Minas Gerais orgnameUniversidade Federal de Lavras orgdiv1Departamento de Educação Física orgdiv2Câmpus Universitario Brazil
                [1] Chillan Santiago de Chile orgnameUniversidad Pedro de Valdivia orgdiv1sede Chillan Chile
                [3] Río de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro orgnameUniversidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro orgdiv1Escuela Educación Física Brazil
                [2] Puerto Montt Los Lagos orgnameUniversidad de Los Lagos orgdiv1Departamento Ciencias de la Actividad Física orgdiv2Campus Chinquihue Chile
                Article
                S2007-78582017000100046 S2007-7858(17)01100200046
                65b1ebdc-a325-40cc-bd95-3d3e68296628

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 22 September 2016
                : 03 May 2016
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 41, Pages: 8
                Product

                SciELO Mexico

                Categories
                Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud

                corredores,critical velocity,critical power,anaerobic threshold,runners,velocidad crítica,potencia crítica,umbral anaeróbico

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