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      Control over molecular motion using the cis– trans photoisomerization of the azo group

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          Summary

          Control over molecular motion represents an important objective in modern chemistry. Aromatic azobenzenes are excellent candidates as molecular switches since they can exist in two forms, namely the cis ( Z) and trans ( E) isomers, which can interconvert both photochemically and thermally. This transformation induces a molecular movement and a significant geometric change, therefore the azobenzene unit is an excellent candidate to build dynamic molecular devices. We describe selected examples of systems containing an azobenzene moiety and their motions and geometrical changes caused by external stimuli.

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          Photomechanics: directed bending of a polymer film by light.

          Yanlei Yu, Makoto Nakano, Tomiki Ikeda (2003)
          Polymer solutions and solids that contain light-sensitive molecules can undergo photo-contraction, whereby light energy is converted into mechanical energy. Here we show that a single film of a liquid-crystal network containing an azobenzene chromophore can be repeatedly and precisely bent along any chosen direction by using linearly polarized light. This striking photomechanical effect results from a photoselective volume contraction and may be useful in the development of high-speed actuators for microscale or nanoscale applications, for example in microrobots in medicine or optical microtweezers.
          Article 0 comments Cited 504 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Cyclic polyethers and their complexes with metal salts

            Charles J. Pedersen (1967)
            Article 0 comments Cited 351 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              Azobenzene photoswitches for biomolecules.

              Andrew A Beharry, G Andrew Woolley (2011)
              The photoisomerization of azobenzene has been known for almost 75 years but only recently has this process been widely applied to biological systems. The central challenge of how to productively couple the isomerization process to a large functional change in a biomolecule has been met in a number of instances and it appears that effective photocontrol of a large variety of biomolecules may be possible. This critical review summarizes key properties of azobenzene that enable its use as a photoswitch in biological systems and describes strategies for using azobenzene photoswitches to drive functional changes in peptides, proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and carbohydrates (192 references). This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2011
              Article 0 comments Cited 331 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Estíbaliz Merino
                María Ribagorda
                Dirk Trauner: Role: Guest Editor
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Beilstein J Org Chem
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Beilstein J Org Chem
                Title: Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry
                Publisher: Beilstein-Institut (Trakehner Str. 7-9, 60487 Frankfurt am Main, Germany )
                ISSN (Electronic): 1860-5397
                Publication date Collection: 2012
                Publication date (Electronic): 12 July 2012
                Volume: 8
                Pages: 1071-1090
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Instituto de Química Orgánica General, Centro Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), C/ Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
                [2 ]Departmento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
                Article
                DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.8.119
                PMC ID: 3458724
                PubMed ID: 23019434
                SO-VID: 65d548d4-f84f-436f-9f3c-d7dfa58dd4f7
                Copyright © Copyright © 2012, Merino and Ribagorda; licensee Beilstein-Institut.
                License:

                This is an Open Access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                The license is subject to the Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry terms and conditions: ( http://www.beilstein-journals.org/bjoc)

                History
                Date received : 16 March 2012
                Date accepted : 21 June 2012
                Categories
                Subject: Review
                Subject: Chemistry
                Subject: Organic Chemistry

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Organic & Biomolecular chemistry
                Keywords: azobenzenes,molecular switches,nanomachines,photoisomerization
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Organic & Biomolecular chemistry
                Keywords: azobenzenes, molecular switches, nanomachines, photoisomerization

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