Thyroiditis and SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: a review

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Abstract

The world is dealing with the Covid-19 pandemic due to the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Amongst the extra-pulmonary manifestations presented by Covid-19 patients, thyroiditis form part of the spectrum of visceral involvement linked to SARS-CoV-2. In this review, we will describe the various documented clinical forms of thyroiditis (inflammatory thyroiditis, subacute or de Quervain’s thyroiditis, chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis or Hashimoto’s disease, painless (silent) postpartum thyroiditis) to facilitate their diagnosis in more or less symptomatic Covid-19 patients and to provide guidance for patient treatment.

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Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Different Types of Clinical Specimens

Wenling Wang, Yanli Xu, Ruqin Gao … (2020)

This study describes results of PCR and viral RNA testing for SARS-CoV-2 in bronchoalveolar fluid, sputum, feces, blood, and urine specimens from patients with COVID-19 infection in China to identify possible means of non-respiratory transmission.

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Covid-19 in Critically Ill Patients in the Seattle Region — Case Series

Pavan K. Bhatraju, Bijan J Ghassemieh, Michelle Nichols … (2020)

Abstract Background Community transmission of coronavirus 2019 (Covid-19) was detected in the state of Washington in February 2020. Methods We identified patients from nine Seattle-area hospitals who were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) with confirmed infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Clinical data were obtained through review of medical records. The data reported here are those available through March 23, 2020. Each patient had at least 14 days of follow-up. Results We identified 24 patients with confirmed Covid-19. The mean (±SD) age of the patients was 64±18 years, 63% were men, and symptoms began 7±4 days before admission. The most common symptoms were cough and shortness of breath; 50% of patients had fever on admission, and 58% had diabetes mellitus. All the patients were admitted for hypoxemic respiratory failure; 75% (18 patients) needed mechanical ventilation. Most of the patients (17) also had hypotension and needed vasopressors. No patient tested positive for influenza A, influenza B, or other respiratory viruses. Half the patients (12) died between ICU day 1 and day 18, including 4 patients who had a do-not-resuscitate order on admission. Of the 12 surviving patients, 5 were discharged home, 4 were discharged from the ICU but remained in the hospital, and 3 continued to receive mechanical ventilation in the ICU. Conclusions During the first 3 weeks of the Covid-19 outbreak in the Seattle area, the most common reasons for admission to the ICU were hypoxemic respiratory failure leading to mechanical ventilation, hypotension requiring vasopressor treatment, or both. Mortality among these critically ill patients was high. (Funded by the National Institutes of Health.)

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Expression of the SARS-CoV-2 cell receptor gene ACE2 in a wide variety of human tissues

Meng-Yuan Li, Lin Li, Yue Zhang … (2020)

Background Since its discovery in December 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has infected more than 2 180 000 people worldwide and has caused more than 150 000 deaths as of April 16, 2020. SARS-CoV-2, which is the virus causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), uses the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as a cell receptor to invade human cells. Thus, ACE2 is the key to understanding the mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 infection. This study is to investigate the ACE2 expression in various human tissues in order to provide insights into the mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods We compared ACE2 expression levels across 31 normal human tissues between males and females and between younger (ages ≤ 49 years) and older (ages > 49 years) persons using two-sided Student’s t test. We also investigated the correlations between ACE2 expression and immune signatures in various tissues using Pearson’s correlation test. Results ACE2 expression levels were the highest in the small intestine, testis, kidneys, heart, thyroid, and adipose tissue, and were the lowest in the blood, spleen, bone marrow, brain, blood vessels, and muscle. ACE2 showed medium expression levels in the lungs, colon, liver, bladder, and adrenal gland. ACE2 was not differentially expressed between males and females or between younger and older persons in any tissue. In the skin, digestive system, brain, and blood vessels, ACE2 expression levels were positively associated with immune signatures in both males and females. In the thyroid and lungs, ACE2 expression levels were positively and negatively associated with immune signatures in males and females, respectively, and in the lungs they had a positive and a negative correlation in the older and younger groups, respectively. Conclusions Our data indicate that SARS-CoV-2 may infect other tissues aside from the lungs and infect persons with different sexes, ages, and races equally. The different host immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection may partially explain why males and females, young and old persons infected with this virus have markedly distinct disease severity. This study provides new insights into the role of ACE2 in the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.

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Philippe Caron:

ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5391-7582

caron.p@chu-toulouse.fr

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Endocrine

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Endocrine

Title: Endocrine

Publisher: Springer US (New York )

ISSN (Print): 1355-008X

ISSN (Electronic): 1559-0100

Publication date (Electronic): 27 March 2021

Pages: 1-6

Affiliations

GRID grid.411175.7, ISNI 0000 0001 1457 2980, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic diseases, , Cardiovascular and Metabolic Unit CHU-Larrey, ; Toulouse, France

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Philippe Caron http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5391-7582

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Publisher ID: 2689

DOI: 10.1007/s12020-021-02689-y

PMC ID: 8000691

PubMed ID: 33774779

SO-VID: 65e8b4bb-efc5-4463-9b92-0f7a97b954ac

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This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted research re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic.

Thyroiditis and SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: a review

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Novel Coronavirus Disease COVID-19

Most cited references 24

Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Different Types of Clinical Specimens

Covid-19 in Critically Ill Patients in the Seattle Region — Case Series

Expression of the SARS-CoV-2 cell receptor gene ACE2 in a wide variety of human tissues

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