The Real-Time Application of an Additional HRV Reduction Algorithm to Detect Negative Psychosocial States :  Are We Ready yet?

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Abstract

Abstract: Unobtrusively identifying adverse psychosocial states in everyday life would offer intriguing possibilities to trigger just-in-time adaptive interventions (JITAIs). Previously, we simulated algorithms to predict psychosocial states by means of cardiac data (so-called, additional, nonmetabolic heart rate variability reductions; AddHRVr). For the first time, this study implemented the AddHRVr algorithm in real-time mode to evaluate whether we could predict stress, perseverative cognition, or low-quality social interactions. We applied an ecological momentary assessment (EMA) in a sample of 36 participants for five consecutive days. The functioning of the AddHRVr algorithm did not translate into real-world application, and higher stress, perseverative cognition, or low-quality social interactions following the AddHRVr trigger could not be confirmed. Further data simulations were conducted to evaluate the reasons for the algorithm’s malfunctioning. We provide recommendations for future studies and call for further research and technical refinements to better align simulation approaches with real-time applications.

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Fitting Linear Mixed-Effects Models Usinglme4

Steve Walker, Martin Mächler, Ben Bolker … (2022)

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Just-in-Time Adaptive Interventions (JITAIs) in Mobile Health: Key Components and Design Principles for Ongoing Health Behavior Support

Inbal Nahum-Shani, Shawna Smith, Bonnie J Spring … (2017)

Background The just-in-time adaptive intervention (JITAI) is an intervention design aiming to provide the right type/amount of support, at the right time, by adapting to an individual’s changing internal and contextual state. The availability of increasingly powerful mobile and sensing technologies underpins the use of JITAIs to support health behavior, as in such a setting an individual’s state can change rapidly, unexpectedly, and in his/her natural environment. Purpose Despite the increasing use and appeal of JITAIs, a major gap exists between the growing technological capabilities for delivering JITAIs and research on the development and evaluation of these interventions. Many JITAIs have been developed with minimal use of empirical evidence, theory, or accepted treatment guidelines. Here, we take an essential first step towards bridging this gap. Methods Building on health behavior theories and the extant literature on JITAIs, we clarify the scientific motivation for JITAIs, define their fundamental components, and highlight design principles related to these components. Examples of JITAIs from various domains of health behavior research are used for illustration. Conclusions As we enter a new era of technological capacity for delivering JITAIs, it is critical that researchers develop sophisticated and nuanced health behavior theories capable of guiding the construction of such interventions. Particular attention has to be given to better understanding the implications of providing timely and ecologically sound support for intervention adherence and retention We clarify the scientific motivation for the Just-In-Time Adaptive Interventions, define its fundamental components, and discuss key design principles for each component.

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Stress and Heart Rate Variability: A Meta-Analysis and Review of the Literature

Hye-Geum Kim, Eun-Jin Cheon, Dai-Seg Bai … (2018)

Objective Physical or mental imbalance caused by harmful stimuli can induce stress to maintain homeostasis. During chronic stress, the sympathetic nervous system is hyperactivated, causing physical, psychological, and behavioral abnormalities. At present, there is no accepted standard for stress evaluation. This review aimed to survey studies providing a rationale for selecting heart rate variability (HRV) as a psychological stress indicator. Methods Term searches in the Web of Science®, National Library of Medicine (PubMed), and Google Scholar databases yielded 37 publications meeting our criteria. The inclusion criteria were involvement of human participants, HRV as an objective psychological stress measure, and measured HRV reactivity. Results In most studies, HRV variables changed in response to stress induced by various methods. The most frequently reported factor associated with variation in HRV variables was low parasympathetic activity, which is characterized by a decrease in the high-frequency band and an increase in the low-frequency band. Neuroimaging studies suggested that HRV may be linked to cortical regions (e.g., the ventromedial prefrontal cortex) that are involved in stressful situation appraisal. Conclusion In conclusion, the current neurobiological evidence suggests that HRV is impacted by stress and supports its use for the objective assessment of psychological health and stress.