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      How is Etuaptmumk/Two-Eyed Seeing characterized in Indigenous health research? A scoping review

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          Abstract

          Our scoping review sought to consider how Etuaptmumk or Two-Eyed Seeing is described in Indigenous health research and to compare descriptions of Two-Eyed Seeing between original authors (Elders Albert and Murdena Marshall, and Dr. Cheryl Bartlett) and new authors. Using the JBI scoping review methodology and qualitative thematic coding, we identified seven categories describing the meaning of Two-Eyed Seeing from 80 articles: guide for life, responsibility for the greater good and future generations, co-learning journey, multiple or diverse perspectives, spirit, decolonization and self-determination, and humans being part of ecosystems. We discuss inconsistencies between the original and new authors, important observations across the thematic categories, and our reflections from the review process. We intend to contribute to a wider dialogue about how Two-Eyed Seeing is understood in Indigenous health research and to encourage thoughtful and rich descriptions of the guiding principle.

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          PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR): Checklist and Explanation

          Scoping reviews, a type of knowledge synthesis, follow a systematic approach to map evidence on a topic and identify main concepts, theories, sources, and knowledge gaps. Although more scoping reviews are being done, their methodological and reporting quality need improvement. This document presents the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews) checklist and explanation. The checklist was developed by a 24-member expert panel and 2 research leads following published guidance from the EQUATOR (Enhancing the QUAlity and Transparency Of health Research) Network. The final checklist contains 20 essential reporting items and 2 optional items. The authors provide a rationale and an example of good reporting for each item. The intent of the PRISMA-ScR is to help readers (including researchers, publishers, commissioners, policymakers, health care providers, guideline developers, and patients or consumers) develop a greater understanding of relevant terminology, core concepts, and key items to report for scoping reviews.
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            Review of community-based research: assessing partnership approaches to improve public health.

            Community-based research in public health focuses on social, structural, and physical environmental inequities through active involvement of community members, organizational representatives, and researchers in all aspects of the research process. Partners contribute their expertise to enhance understanding of a given phenomenon and to integrate the knowledge gained with action to benefit the community involved. This review provides a synthesis of key principles of community-based research, examines its place within the context of different scientific paradigms, discusses rationales for its use, and explores major challenges and facilitating factors and their implications for conducting effective community-based research aimed at improving the public's health.
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              Toward a Field of Intersectionality Studies: Theory, Applications, and Praxis

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: Project administrationRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: MethodologyRole: SoftwareRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: Formal analysisRole: Funding acquisitionRole: SupervisionRole: ValidationRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Formal analysisRole: SupervisionRole: VisualizationRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: Editor
                Journal
                PLoS One
                PLoS One
                plos
                PLoS ONE
                Public Library of Science (San Francisco, CA USA )
                1932-6203
                20 July 2021
                2021
                : 16
                : 7
                : e0254612
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Social and Behavioural Health Sciences Division, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
                [2 ] Institute for Circumpolar Health Research, Yellowknife, Northwest Territories, Canada
                [3 ] Aligning Health Needs and Evidence for Transformative Change (AH-NET-C): A JBI Centre of Excellence, School of Nursing, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
                [4 ] Health Promotion Division, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
                [5 ] Department of Health and Society, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
                [6 ] Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
                [7 ] Women’s College Research Institute-Women’s College Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
                KITE-Toronto Rehabilitation Institute-University Health Network, CANADA
                Author notes

                Competing Interests: The authors have declared no competing interests exist.

                ‡ SIGR and ZY contributed equally to this work as first co-authors. DHM and ACB also contributed equally to this work as Joint Senior Authors.

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0630-1245
                Article
                PONE-D-20-35395
                10.1371/journal.pone.0254612
                8291645
                34283831
                680f759d-48d4-44c4-b38b-91d3803fd27c
                © 2021 Roher et al

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                : 10 November 2020
                : 30 June 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 2, Tables: 0, Pages: 22
                Funding
                Funded by: funder-id http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001804, Canada Research Chairs;
                Award ID: CRC-2016-00076
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: funder-id http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000025, Institute of Aboriginal Peoples Health;
                Award ID: CIHR/383832
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: funder-id http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000024, Canadian Institutes of Health Research;
                Award ID: APP268899
                Award Recipient :
                DM is supported by a Tier II Canada Research Chair in Indigenous Peoples’ Health and Well-Being through the Canada Research Chairs Program (grant # CRC-2016-00076) ( https://www.chairs-chaires.gc.ca/home-accueil-eng.aspx); AB is supported by an OHTN CIHR New Investigator Award through the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (grant # APP268899) ( https://cihr-irsc.gc.ca/e/44181.html); and SR was supported by a Doctoral Research Award through the Canadian Institutes of Health Researcher’s Institute of Aboriginal People’s Health (grant # CIHR/383832) ( https://cihr-irsc.gc.ca/e/8668.html). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
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