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      Carrageenan Based Bionanocomposites as Drug Delivery Tool with Special Emphasis on the Influence of Ferromagnetic Nanoparticles

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          Abstract

          Over the past few years, considerable attention has been focused on carrageenan based bionanocomposites due to their multifaceted properties like biodegradability, biocompatibility, and nontoxicity. Moreover, these composites can be tailored according to the desired purpose by using different nanofillers. The role of ferromagnetic nanoparticles in drug delivery is also discussed here in detail. Moreover, this article also presents a short review of recent research on the different types of the carrageenan based bionanocomposites and applications.

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          Most cited references97

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          Polymer-layered silicate nanocomposites: preparation, properties and uses of a new class of materials

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            Applications of nanotechnology in food packaging and food safety: Barrier materials, antimicrobials and sensors

            Graphical abstract Nanotechnology may revolutionize the food industry by providing stronger, high-barrier packaging materials, more potent antimicrobial agents, and a host of sensors which can detect trace contaminants, gasses or microbes in packaged foods. Highlights ► Focuses on the use of nanomaterials in food packaging and sensing applications. ► Polymer nanocomposites offer high gas barriers, strength, and flame retardancy. ► Silver and metal oxide nanoparticles are potent biocides. ► Nanosensors and assays detect gasses, small molecules and microorganisms. ► Economic outlook and health and safety implications are also briefly reviewed.
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              Stealth liposomes: review of the basic science, rationale, and clinical applications, existing and potential

              Among several promising new drug-delivery systems, liposomes represent an advanced technology to deliver active molecules to the site of action, and at present several formulations are in clinical use. Research on liposome technology has progressed from conventional vesicles (“first-generation liposomes”) to “second-generation liposomes”, in which long-circulating liposomes are obtained by modulating the lipid composition, size, and charge of the vesicle. Liposomes with modified surfaces have also been developed using several molecules, such as glycolipids or sialic acid. A significant step in the development of long-circulating liposomes came with inclusion of the synthetic polymer poly-(ethylene glycol) (PEG) in liposome composition. The presence of PEG on the surface of the liposomal carrier has been shown to extend blood-circulation time while reducing mononuclear phagocyte system uptake (stealth liposomes). This technology has resulted in a large number of liposome formulations encapsulating active molecules, with high target efficiency and activity. Further, by synthetic modification of the terminal PEG molecule, stealth liposomes can be actively targeted with monoclonal antibodies or ligands. This review focuses on stealth technology and summarizes pre-clinical and clinical data relating to the principal liposome formulations; it also discusses emerging trends of this promising technology.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Oxid Med Cell Longev
                Oxid Med Cell Longev
                OMCL
                Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity
                Hindawi Publishing Corporation
                1942-0900
                1942-0994
                2017
                20 February 2017
                : 2017
                : 8158315
                Affiliations
                1Department of Chemistry, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
                2Department of Environment Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
                3Department of Biochemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21300, Pakistan
                4Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin University, Multan, Pakistan
                5Faculty of Pharmacy and Alternative Medicines, Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
                6Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
                7Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
                Author notes
                *Abida Kalsoom Khan: abidak@ 123456ciit.net.pk

                Academic Editor: Janusz Gebicki

                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1620-975X
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5483-2473
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5649-5768
                Article
                10.1155/2017/8158315
                5337884
                29138678
                6a273430-1dbc-4fff-ae6b-f1d1840e9264
                Copyright © 2017 Abida Kalsoom Khan et al.

                This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 5 August 2016
                : 29 September 2016
                : 10 October 2016
                Categories
                Review Article

                Molecular medicine
                Molecular medicine

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