Areej A. Malhani: Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: ValidationRole: Writing – original
draftRole: Writing – review & editing
Mushira A. Enani: Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: ValidationRole: Writing – original
draftRole: Writing – review & editing
Fatemeh Saheb Sharif-Askari: Role: ConceptualizationRole: Formal analysisRole: MethodologyRole: Writing – original
draftRole: Writing – review & editing
Mona R. Alghareeb: Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: ValidationRole: Writing – original
draftRole: Writing – review & editing
Roaa T. Bin-Brikan: Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: ValidationRole: Writing – original
draftRole: Writing – review & editing
Safar A. AlShahrani: Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: ValidationRole: Writing – original
draftRole: Writing – review & editing
Rabih Halwani: Role: ConceptualizationRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Writing – original
draftRole: Writing – review & editing
Imad M. Tleyjeh:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5551-0353
Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: Funding acquisitionRole:
InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Project administrationRole: ResourcesRole: SoftwareRole:
SupervisionRole: ValidationRole: VisualizationRole: Writing – original draftRole:
Writing – review & editing
Chiara Lazzeri: Role: Editor
Journal ID (nlm-ta): PLoS One
Journal ID (iso-abbrev): PLoS One
Journal ID (publisher-id): plos
Title:
PLoS ONE
Publisher:
Public Library of Science
(San Francisco, CA USA
)
ISSN
(Electronic):
1932-6203
Publication date
(Electronic):
10
June
2021
Publication date Collection: 2021
Publication date PMC-release: 10
June
2021
Volume: 16
Issue: 6
Electronic Location Identifier: e0252984
Affiliations
[1
]
Clinical Pharmacy Department, Pharmacy Services Administration, King Fahad Medical
City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
[2
]
Infectious Diseases Section, Department of Medical Specialties, King Fahad Medical
City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
[3
]
Sharjah Medical Institute of Research, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah,
Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
[4
]
Clinical Research Coordinator, Collage of Medicine, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh,
Saudi Arabia
[5
]
Outpatient Pharmacy Department, Pharmacy Services Administration, King Fahad Medical
City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
[6
]
Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah,
United Arab Emirates
[7
]
Prince Abdullah Ben Khaled Celiac Disease Chair, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty
of Medicine, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
[8
]
College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
[9
]
Division of Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester,
Minnesota, United States of America
[10
]
Division of Epidemiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester,
Minnesota, United States of America
Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Careggi, ITALY
Author notes
Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Author information
Article
Publisher ID:
PONE-D-21-10079
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252984
PMC ID: 8191942
PubMed ID: 34111191
SO-VID: 6a991649-a007-45b2-9ee1-c4a021df6e3e
Copyright © © 2021 Malhani et al
License:
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the
Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided
the original author and source are credited.
The author(s) received no specific funding for this work.
Subject:
Research Article
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Medical Conditions
Subject:
Infectious Diseases
Subject:
Viral Diseases
Subject:
Covid 19
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Immunology
Subject:
Vaccination and Immunization
Subject:
Antiviral Therapy
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Immunology
Subject:
Vaccination and Immunization
Subject:
Antiviral Therapy
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
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Public and Occupational Health
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Preventive Medicine
Subject:
Vaccination and Immunization
Subject:
Antiviral Therapy
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Biochemistry
Subject:
Proteins
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Interferons
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Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Pharmaceutics
Subject:
Drug Therapy
Subject:
Steroid Therapy
Subject:
Corticosteroid Therapy
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Health Care
Subject:
Health Care Facilities
Subject:
Hospitals
Subject:
Biology and life sciences
Subject:
Organisms
Subject:
Viruses
Subject:
RNA viruses
Subject:
Coronaviruses
Subject:
SARS coronavirus
Subject:
SARS CoV 2
Subject:
Biology and life sciences
Subject:
Microbiology
Subject:
Medical microbiology
Subject:
Microbial pathogens
Subject:
Viral pathogens
Subject:
Coronaviruses
Subject:
SARS coronavirus
Subject:
SARS CoV 2
Subject:
Medicine and health sciences
Subject:
Pathology and laboratory medicine
Subject:
Pathogens
Subject:
Microbial pathogens
Subject:
Viral pathogens
Subject:
Coronaviruses
Subject:
SARS coronavirus
Subject:
SARS CoV 2
Subject:
Biology and life sciences
Subject:
Organisms
Subject:
Viruses
Subject:
Viral pathogens
Subject:
Coronaviruses
Subject:
SARS coronavirus
Subject:
SARS CoV 2
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Clinical Medicine
Subject:
Clinical Trials
Subject:
Randomized Controlled Trials
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Pharmacology
Subject:
Drug Research and Development
Subject:
Clinical Trials
Subject:
Randomized Controlled Trials
Subject:
Research and Analysis Methods
Subject:
Clinical Trials
Subject:
Randomized Controlled Trials
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Pharmaceutics
Subject:
Drug Therapy
