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      Atenção primária à saúde e coordenação do cuidado nas regiões de saúde: perspectiva de gestores e usuários Translated title: Primary health care and the coordination of care in health regions: managers’ and users’ perspective

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          Abstract

          Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a coordenação do cuidado pela Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS), tendo como pano de fundo o processo de construção da Rede de Atenção à Saúde (RAS) em região do estado de São Paulo. Foi realizado estudo de caso com abordagens quantitativa e qualitativa, procedendo-se à triangulação dos dados, entre a percepção dos gestores e as experiências dos usuários. As dimensões e as variáveis de análise partiram dos três pilares da coordenação do cuidado – informacional, clínico, administrativo/organizacional. Tendo como evento traçador o Acidente Vascular Encefálico, itinerários terapêuticos foram conduzidos com usuários e questionários aplicados a gestores. A construção da Rede de Atenção à Saúde na região estudada tem como traço central o protagonismo de entidade filantrópica. Os resultados sugerem fragilidades da APS em assumir papel de coordenação do cuidado em todas as dimensões analisadas. Ademais, foi identificado mix público-privado para além dos serviços contratados pelo SUS, com desembolso direto para consultas especializadas, exames e reabilitação. Da mesma forma que não existe RAS sem APS robusta capaz de coordenar o cuidado, a APS não consegue exercer seu papel sem um sólido arranjo regional e uma articulação virtuosa entre os três entes federados.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract This paper aims to analyze the healthcare coordination by Primary Health Care (PHC), with the backdrop of building a Health Care Network (RAS) in a region in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. We conducted a case study with qualitative and quantitative approaches, proceeding to the triangulation of data between the perception of managers and experience of users. We drew analysis realms and variables from the three pillars of healthcare coordination – informational, clinical and administrative/organizational. Stroke was the tracer event chosen and therapeutic itineraries were conducted with users and questionnaires applied to the managers. The central feature of the construction of the Health Care Network in the studied area is the prominence of a philanthropic organization. The results suggest fragility of PHC in healthcare coordination in all analyzed realms. Furthermore, we identified a public-private mix, in addition to services contracted from the Unified Health System (SUS), with out-of-pocket payments for specialist consultation, tests and rehabilitation. Much in the same way that there is no RAS without a robust PHC capable of coordinating care, PHC is unable to play its role without a solid regional arrangement and a virtuous articulation between the three federative levels.

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          The breadth of primary care: a systematic literature review of its core dimensions

          Background Even though there is general agreement that primary care is the linchpin of effective health care delivery, to date no efforts have been made to systematically review the scientific evidence supporting this supposition. The aim of this study was to examine the breadth of primary care by identifying its core dimensions and to assess the evidence for their interrelations and their relevance to outcomes at (primary) health system level. Methods A systematic review of the primary care literature was carried out, restricted to English language journals reporting original research or systematic reviews. Studies published between 2003 and July 2008 were searched in MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, King's Fund Database, IDEAS Database, and EconLit. Results Eighty-five studies were identified. This review was able to provide insight in the complexity of primary care as a multidimensional system, by identifying ten core dimensions that constitute a primary care system. The structure of a primary care system consists of three dimensions: 1. governance; 2. economic conditions; and 3. workforce development. The primary care process is determined by four dimensions: 4. access; 5. continuity of care; 6. coordination of care; and 7. comprehensiveness of care. The outcome of a primary care system includes three dimensions: 8. quality of care; 9. efficiency care; and 10. equity in health. There is a considerable evidence base showing that primary care contributes through its dimensions to overall health system performance and health. Conclusions A primary care system can be defined and approached as a multidimensional system contributing to overall health system performance and health.
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            Integralidade da atenção e integração de serviços de saúde: desafios para avaliar a implantação de um "sistema sem muros"

            Neste texto, partimos do pressuposto de que a integralidade da atenção é um eixo prioritário da investigação e avaliação dos serviços e sistemas de saúde, estruturados como redes assistenciais interorganizacionais que articulam dimensões clínicas, funcionais, normativas e sistêmicas em sua operacionalização, reconhecendo que nenhuma organização reúne a totalidade dos recursos e competências necessárias para a solução dos problemas de saúde de uma população, em seus diversos ciclos de vida. Em virtude da complexidade desse "sistema sem muros", que elimina as barreiras de acesso entre os diversos níveis de atenção, em resposta às necessidades de saúde nos âmbitos local e regional, julgamos oportuno compartilhar algumas "lições preliminares" aprendidas em experiências pessoais e na literatura sobre a integração de serviços, que nos parecem de interesse comum aos pesquisadores e gestores comprometidos com a sua implantação.
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              The european primary care monitor: structure, process and outcome indicators

              Background Scientific research has provided evidence on benefits of well developed primary care systems. The relevance of some of this research for the European situation is limited. There is currently a lack of up to date comprehensive and comparable information on variation in development of primary care, and a lack of knowledge of structures and strategies conducive to strengthening primary care in Europe. The EC funded project Primary Health Care Activity Monitor for Europe (PHAMEU) aims to fill this gap by developing a Primary Care Monitoring System (PC Monitor) for application in 31 European countries. This article describes the development of the indicators of the PC Monitor, which will make it possible to create an alternative model for holistic analyses of primary care. Methods A systematic review of the primary care literature published between 2003 and July 2008 was carried out. This resulted in an overview of: (1) the dimensions of primary care and their relevance to outcomes at (primary) health system level; (2) essential features per dimension; (3) applied indicators to measure the features of primary care dimensions. The indicators were evaluated by the project team against criteria of relevance, precision, flexibility, and discriminating power. The resulting indicator set was evaluated on its suitability for Europe-wide comparison of primary care systems by a panel of primary care experts from various European countries (representing a variety of primary care systems). Results The developed PC Monitor approaches primary care in Europe as a multidimensional concept. It describes the key dimensions of primary care systems at three levels: structure, process, and outcome level. On structure level, it includes indicators for governance, economic conditions, and workforce development. On process level, indicators describe access, comprehensiveness, continuity, and coordination of primary care services. On outcome level, indicators reflect the quality, and efficiency of primary care. Conclusions A standardized instrument for describing and comparing primary care systems has been developed based on scientific evidence and consensus among an international panel of experts, which will be tested to all configurations of primary care in Europe, intended for producing comparable information. Widespread use of the instrument has the potential to improve the understanding of primary care delivery in different national contexts and thus to create opportunities for better decision making.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
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                Journal
                csc
                Ciência & Saúde Coletiva
                Ciênc. saúde coletiva
                ABRASCO - Associação Brasileira de Saúde Coletiva (Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil )
                1413-8123
                1678-4561
                April 2017
                : 22
                : 4
                : 1141-1154
                Affiliations
                [5] Salvador Bahia orgnameUniversidade Federal da Bahia orgdiv1Instituto de Saúde Coletiva Brazil
                [4] Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro orgnameUniversidade Federal Fluminense orgdiv1Instituto de Saúde Coletiva Brazil
                [2] Rio de Janeiro orgnameFundação Oswaldo Cruz orgdiv1Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sérgio Arouca Brazil
                [1] São Paulo São Paulo orgnameUniversidade de São Paulo orgdiv1Faculdade de Saúde Pública Brazil aylenebousquat@ 123456usp.br
                [6] São Paulo São Paulo orgnameUniversidade de São Paulo orgdiv1Faculdade de Medicina Brazil
                [3] Juiz de Fora Minas Gerais orgnameUniversidade Federal de Juiz de Fora orgdiv1Faculdade de Medicina Brazil
                Article
                S1413-81232017002401141
                10.1590/1413-81232017224.28632016
                28444041
                6c45db7f-3780-4528-a9da-a3f27eb7f1b9

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 01 June 2016
                : 18 October 2016
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 40, Pages: 14
                Product

                SciELO Brazil


                Atenção Primária à Saúde,Regionalização,Coordenação,Itinerários terapêuticos,Primary Health Care,Regionalization,Coordination,Therapeutic itineraries

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