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      Detection of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Water Samples by Annular Platform-Supported Ionic Liquid-Based Headspace Liquid-Phase Microextraction

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          Abstract

          In this paper, a new method of annular platform-supported headspace liquid-phase microextraction (LPME) was designed using ionic liquid as an extraction solvent, wherein extraction stability and efficiency were improved by adding an annular platform inside the extraction bottle. The ionic liquid 1-silicyl-3-benzylimidazolehexafluorophosphate was first synthesized and proved to be an excellent extraction solvent. Coupled with liquid chromatography, the proposed method was employed to analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in water and optimized in aspects of extraction temperature, extraction solvent volume, extraction time, pH, stirring rate, and salt effect of solution. The results indicated that this method showed good linearity ( R 2 > 0.995) within 0.5  µg·L −1 to 1000  µg·L −1 for PAHs. The method was more suitable for extraction of volatile PAHs, with recoveries from 65.0% to 102% and quantification limits from 0.01 to 0.05  µg·L −1. It has been successfully applied for detection of PAHs in seawater samples.

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          Characterization and comparison of hydrophilic and hydrophobic room temperature ionic liquids incorporating the imidazolium cation

          Jonathan G. Huddleston, Ann Visser, W. Reichert … (2001)
          Article 0 comments Cited 411 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Determination of organic compounds in water using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction.

            Mohammad Rezaee, Yaghoub Assadi, Mohammad-Reza Milani Hosseini … (2006)
            A new microextraction technique termed dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) was developed. DLLME is a very simple and rapid method for extraction and preconcentration of organic compounds from water samples. In this method, the appropriate mixture of extraction solvent (8.0 microL C2Cl4) and disperser solvent (1.00 mL acetone) are injected into the aqueous sample (5.00 mL) by syringe, rapidly. Therefore, cloudy solution is formed. In fact, it is consisted of fine particles of extraction solvent which is dispersed entirely into aqueous phase. After centrifuging, the fine particles of extraction solvent are sedimented in the bottom of the conical test tube (5.0 +/- 0.2 microL). The performance of DLLME is illustrated with the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in water samples by using gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID). Some important parameters, such as kind of extraction and disperser solvent and volume of them, and extraction time were investigated. Under the optimum conditions the enrichment factor ranged from 603 to 1113 and the recovery ranged from 60.3 to 111.3%. The linear range was 0.02-200 microg/L (four orders of magnitude) and limit of detection was 0.007-0.030 microg/L for most of analytes. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) for 2 microg/L of PAHs in water by using internal standard were in the range 1.4-10.2% (n = 5). The recoveries of PAHs from surface water at spiking level of 5.0 microg/L were 82.0-111.0%. The ability of DLLME technique in the extraction of other organic compounds such as organochlorine pesticides, organophosphorus pesticides and substituted benzene compounds (benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene, and xylenes) from water samples were studied. The advantages of DLLME method are simplicity of operation, rapidity, low cost, high recovery, and enrichment factor.
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              Room temperature ionic liquids as novel media for ‘clean’ liquid–liquid extraction

              Jonathan G. Huddleston, Heather D Willauer, Richard Swatloski … (1998)
              Article 0 comments Cited 215 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Jie Tan:
                ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0966-4316
                Zhaoxin Li:
                ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9774-7084
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Anal Methods Chem
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Anal Methods Chem
                Journal ID (publisher-id): JAMC
                Title: Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry
                Publisher: Hindawi
                ISSN (Print): 2090-8865
                ISSN (Electronic): 2090-8873
                Publication date Collection: 2018
                Publication date (Electronic): 27 September 2018
                Volume: 2018
                Electronic Location Identifier: 3765682
                Affiliations
                1Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Aquatic Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
                2Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266000, China
                3The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
                4Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
                Author notes

                Academic Editor: Luca Campone

                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6075-614X
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0966-4316
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1059-8822
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0603-4442
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2685-6806
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9774-7084
                Article
                DOI: 10.1155/2018/3765682
                PMC ID: 6180925
                PubMed ID: 30363692
                SO-VID: 6c539327-6f12-4248-b104-93beaccea20a
                Copyright © Copyright © 2018 Xiaojie Sun et al.
                License:

                This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 1 May 2018
                Date revision received : 3 July 2018
                Date accepted : 27 August 2018
                Funding
                Funded by: Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences
                Award ID: 20603022016007
                Funded by: National Key R&D Program of China
                Award ID: 2017YFC1600705
                Funded by: National Natural Science Foundation of China
                Award ID: 21207162
                Funded by: Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry
                Funded by: Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
                Funded by: Chinese Academy of Sciences
                Award ID: KL-1604
                Categories
                Subject: Research Article

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Analytical chemistry
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Analytical chemistry

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