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      Recomendaciones de Prevención del Cáncer. Actualización PAPPS 2022 Translated title: PAPPS Expert Groups. Cancer prevention recommendations: Update 2022

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          Abstract

          El cáncer es una de las principales causas de morbimortalidad. El consumo de tabaco, la dieta poco saludable y la inactividad física son algunos de los factores de riesgo que forman parte del estilo de vida y que han provocado un aumento del cáncer. En este artículo se actualizan las evidencias y las recomendaciones de las estrategias de prevención para cada uno de los cánceres con mayor incidencia, con base en la disminución de los factores de riesgo (prevención primaria) y en el diagnóstico precoz del cáncer, a través del cribado y la detección temprana de los signos y síntomas, en población de riesgo medio y de riesgo elevado. Esta actualización del PAPPS del 2022 ha tenido en cuenta la visión de la Estrategia en Cáncer del Sistema Nacional de Salud (SNS), actualización aprobada por el Consejo Interterritorial del Sistema Nacional de Salud, en enero del 2021, y de la Estrategia Europea (Europe's Beating Cancer Plan), presentada el 4 de febrero del 2021.

          Translated abstract

          Cancer is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Tobacco use, unhealthy diet, and physical inactivity are some of the lifestyle risk factors that have led to an increase in cancer. This article updates the evidence and includes recommendations for prevention strategies for each of the cancers with the highest incidence. These are based on the reduction of risk factors (primary prevention) and early diagnosis of cancer through screening and early detection of signs and symptoms, in medium-risk and high-risk populations. This update of the 2022 PAPPS has taken into account the vision of the National Health System Cancer Strategy, an update approved by the Interterritorial Council of the National Health System on January 2021 and the European Strategy (Europe's Beating Cancer Plan) presented on 4 February 2021.

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          Most cited references67

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          Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries

          This article provides an update on the global cancer burden using the GLOBOCAN 2020 estimates of cancer incidence and mortality produced by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Worldwide, an estimated 19.3 million new cancer cases (18.1 million excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer) and almost 10.0 million cancer deaths (9.9 million excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer) occurred in 2020. Female breast cancer has surpassed lung cancer as the most commonly diagnosed cancer, with an estimated 2.3 million new cases (11.7%), followed by lung (11.4%), colorectal (10.0 %), prostate (7.3%), and stomach (5.6%) cancers. Lung cancer remained the leading cause of cancer death, with an estimated 1.8 million deaths (18%), followed by colorectal (9.4%), liver (8.3%), stomach (7.7%), and female breast (6.9%) cancers. Overall incidence was from 2-fold to 3-fold higher in transitioned versus transitioning countries for both sexes, whereas mortality varied <2-fold for men and little for women. Death rates for female breast and cervical cancers, however, were considerably higher in transitioning versus transitioned countries (15.0 vs 12.8 per 100,000 and 12.4 vs 5.2 per 100,000, respectively). The global cancer burden is expected to be 28.4 million cases in 2040, a 47% rise from 2020, with a larger increase in transitioning (64% to 95%) versus transitioned (32% to 56%) countries due to demographic changes, although this may be further exacerbated by increasing risk factors associated with globalization and a growing economy. Efforts to build a sustainable infrastructure for the dissemination of cancer prevention measures and provision of cancer care in transitioning countries is critical for global cancer control.
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            Reduced lung-cancer mortality with low-dose computed tomographic screening.

            (2011)
            The aggressive and heterogeneous nature of lung cancer has thwarted efforts to reduce mortality from this cancer through the use of screening. The advent of low-dose helical computed tomography (CT) altered the landscape of lung-cancer screening, with studies indicating that low-dose CT detects many tumors at early stages. The National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) was conducted to determine whether screening with low-dose CT could reduce mortality from lung cancer. From August 2002 through April 2004, we enrolled 53,454 persons at high risk for lung cancer at 33 U.S. medical centers. Participants were randomly assigned to undergo three annual screenings with either low-dose CT (26,722 participants) or single-view posteroanterior chest radiography (26,732). Data were collected on cases of lung cancer and deaths from lung cancer that occurred through December 31, 2009. The rate of adherence to screening was more than 90%. The rate of positive screening tests was 24.2% with low-dose CT and 6.9% with radiography over all three rounds. A total of 96.4% of the positive screening results in the low-dose CT group and 94.5% in the radiography group were false positive results. The incidence of lung cancer was 645 cases per 100,000 person-years (1060 cancers) in the low-dose CT group, as compared with 572 cases per 100,000 person-years (941 cancers) in the radiography group (rate ratio, 1.13; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03 to 1.23). There were 247 deaths from lung cancer per 100,000 person-years in the low-dose CT group and 309 deaths per 100,000 person-years in the radiography group, representing a relative reduction in mortality from lung cancer with low-dose CT screening of 20.0% (95% CI, 6.8 to 26.7; P=0.004). The rate of death from any cause was reduced in the low-dose CT group, as compared with the radiography group, by 6.7% (95% CI, 1.2 to 13.6; P=0.02). Screening with the use of low-dose CT reduces mortality from lung cancer. (Funded by the National Cancer Institute; National Lung Screening Trial ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00047385.).
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              Reduced Lung-Cancer Mortality with Volume CT Screening in a Randomized Trial

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Aten Primaria
                Aten Primaria
                Atencion Primaria
                Elsevier
                0212-6567
                1578-1275
                23 November 2022
                October 2022
                23 November 2022
                : 54
                : Suppl 1
                : 102440
                Affiliations
                [a ]Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Metropolitana Sud, IDIAP Jordi Gol, Direcció d’Atenció Primària Costa de Ponent, Institut Català de la Salut, Barcelona, España
                [b ]Centro de Salud Parque Goya de Zaragoza y Unidad Docente de Atención Familiar y Comunitaria Sector Zaragoza I, Servicio Aragonés de Salud, Zaragoza, España
                [c ]Unidad Docente de Atención Familiar y Comunitaria La Laguna-Tenerife Norte, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Canarias, La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, España
                [d ]Centro de Salud Actur Oeste de Zaragoza y Unidad Docente de Atención Familiar y Comunitaria Sector Zaragoza I, Servicio Aragonés de Salud, Zaragoza, España
                [e ]ABS del Riu Nord i Riu Sud, Institut Català de la Salut, Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Barcelona, España
                Author notes
                [* ]Autor para correspondencia. mmarzoc@ 123456gencat.cat
                Article
                S0212-6567(22)00160-3 102440
                10.1016/j.aprim.2022.102440
                9705215
                36435580
                6c8fa85f-6666-45f6-bbf3-3eec125fc7a4
                © 2022 The Authors

                This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

                History
                : 26 June 2022
                : 28 June 2022
                Categories
                Artículo Especial

                detección precoz de cáncer,prevención primaria,prevención secundaria,neoplasia/prevención y control,early cancer detection,primary prevention,secondary prevention,neoplasm/prevention and control

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