Emergence of Dengue Virus Serotype 2 Cosmopolitan Genotype, Brazil

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Abstract

We used nanopore sequencing and phylogenetic analyses to identify a cosmopolitan genotype of dengue virus serotype 2 that was isolated from a 56-year-old male patient from the state of Goiás in Brazil. The emergence of a cosmopolitan genotype in Brazil will require risk assessment and surveillance to reduce epidemic potential.

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Origins of dengue type 2 viruses associated with increased pathogenicity in the Americas.

R Rico-Hesse, L Harrison, R A Salas … (1997)

The recent emergence and spread of dengue hemorrhagic fever in the Americas have been a major source of concern. Efforts to control this disease are dependent on understanding the pathogenicity of dengue viruses and their transmission dynamics. Pathogenicity studies have been hampered by the lack of in vitro or in vivo models of severe dengue disease. Alternatively, molecular epidemiologic studies which associate certain dengue virus genetic types with severe dengue outbreaks may point to strains with increased pathogenicity. The comparison of nucleotide sequences (240 bp) from the E/NS1 gene region of the dengue virus genome has been shown to reflect evolutionary relationships and geographic origins of dengue virus strains. This approach was used to demonstrate an association between the introduction of two distinct genotypes of dengue type 2 virus and the appearance of dengue hemorrhagic fever in the Americas. Phylogenetic analyses suggest that these genotypes originated in Southeast Asia and that they displaced the native, American genotype in at least four countries. Vaccination and other control efforts should therefore be directed at decreasing the transmission of these "virulent" genotypes.

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The history of dengue outbreaks in the Americas.

Olivia Brathwaite Dick, José San Martín, Romeo Montoya … (2012)

Dengue is a viral disease usually transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Dengue outbreaks in the Americas reported in medical literature and to the Pan American Health Organization are described. The outbreak history from 1600 to 2010 was categorized into four phases: Introduction of dengue in the Americas (1600-1946); Continental plan for the eradication of the Ae. aegypti (1947-1970) marked by a successful eradication of the mosquito in 18 continental countries by 1962; Ae. aegypti reinfestation (1971-1999) caused by the failure of the mosquito eradication program; Increased dispersion of Ae. aegypti and dengue virus circulation (2000-2010) characterized by a marked increase in the number of outbreaks. During 2010 > 1.7 million dengue cases were reported, with 50,235 severe cases and 1,185 deaths. A dramatic increase in the number of outbreaks has been reported in recent years. Urgent global action is needed to avoid further disease spread.

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Incomplete Protection against Dengue Virus Type 2 Re-infection in Peru

Brett M Forshey, Robert Reiner, Sandra Olkowski … (2016)

Background Nearly half of the world’s population is at risk for dengue, yet no licensed vaccine or anti-viral drug is currently available. Dengue is caused by any of four dengue virus serotypes (DENV-1 through DENV-4), and infection by a DENV serotype is assumed to provide life-long protection against re-infection by that serotype. We investigated the validity of this fundamental assumption during a large dengue epidemic caused by DENV-2 in Iquitos, Peru, in 2010–2011, 15 years after the first outbreak of DENV-2 in the region. Methodology/Principal Findings We estimated the age-dependent prevalence of serotype-specific DENV antibodies from longitudinal cohort studies conducted between 1993 and 2010. During the 2010–2011 epidemic, active dengue cases were identified through active community- and clinic-based febrile surveillance studies, and acute inapparent DENV infections were identified through contact tracing studies. Based on the age-specific prevalence of DENV-2 neutralizing antibodies, the age distribution of DENV-2 cases was markedly older than expected. Homologous protection was estimated at 35.1% (95% confidence interval: 0%–65.2%). At the individual level, pre-existing DENV-2 antibodies were associated with an incomplete reduction in the frequency of symptoms. Among dengue cases, 43% (26/66) exhibited elevated DENV-2 neutralizing antibody titers for years prior to infection, compared with 76% (13/17) of inapparent infections (age-adjusted odds ratio: 4.2; 95% confidence interval: 1.1–17.7). Conclusions/Significance Our data indicate that protection from homologous DENV re-infection may be incomplete in some circumstances, which provides context for the limited vaccine efficacy against DENV-2 in recent trials. Further studies are warranted to confirm this phenomenon and to evaluate the potential role of incomplete homologous protection in DENV transmission dynamics.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Emerg Infect Dis

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Emerg Infect Dis

Journal ID (publisher-id): EID

Title: Emerging Infectious Diseases

Publisher: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

ISSN (Print): 1080-6040

ISSN (Electronic): 1080-6059

Publication date (Print): August 2022

Volume: 28

Issue: 8

Pages: 1725-1727

Affiliations

[1]Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (M. Giovanetti, C. de Oliveira, F. de Bruycker Nogueira, R.V. da Cunha, A.M.B. de Filippis, L.C.J. Alcantara);

[2]Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy (M. Giovanetti);

[3]Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil (M. Giovanetti, J. Xavier, S. Tosta, H. Fristch, L.C.J. Alcantara);

[4]Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública Dr. Giovanni Cysneiros, Goiânia, Brazil (L.A. Pereira, A.F. Mendonça, V.L. da Silva);

[5]Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico, USA (G.A. Santiago, J.L. Muñoz-Jordán);

[6]Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde/Organização Mundial da Saúde, Brasília, Brazil (V. Fonseca, C.F.C. de Albuquerque);

[7]Instituto Nacional de Salud, Lima, Peru (M.P. García Mendoza, D. Figueroa Romero, C. Padilla-Rojas, O. Cáceres-Rey);

[8]Fundação Oswaldo Cruz and Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil (L. de Moraes);

[9]Fundação Ezequiel Dias, Belo Horizonte (E. de Castro Barbosa);

[10]University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil (E.S. Rodrigues);

[11]Ministério da Saúde, Brasília (C. Freitas, C.R.L. Peterka);

[12]Pan American Health Organization–World Health Organization, Washington, DC, USA (L. Franco, J.A.M. Rico)

Author notes

Author contributions: M.G. and L.C.J.A. were responsible for the study concept and design; M.G., L.A.P., G.A.S., V.F., M.P.G.M., C.O., L.M., J.X., S.T., H.F., E.C.B., E.S.R., D.F.R., C.P.R., O.C.R., A.N.M., and F.B.N. performed the investigations; M.G., V.F., L.M., and G.B. analyzed the data; L.A.P., A.F.M., M.P.G.M., A.M.B.F., R.V.C., V.L.S., C.F.C.A., C.R.L.P., C.F., J.A.M.M.R., J.L.M.J., M.G., and L.C.J.A were responsible for data curation; all authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

Address for correspondence: Luiz Carlos Júnior Alcantara, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/IOC/FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; email: luiz.alcantara@ 123456ioc.fiocruz.br

Article

Publisher ID: 22-0550

DOI: 10.3201/eid2808.220550

PMC ID: 9328905

PubMed ID: 35876608

SO-VID: 6cfa6b2f-8ff7-4518-9a04-fdd040235c89

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Emerging Infectious Diseases is a publication of the U.S. Government. This publication is in the public domain and is therefore without copyright. All text from this work may be reprinted freely. Use of these materials should be properly cited.

Emergence of Dengue Virus Serotype 2 Cosmopolitan Genotype, Brazil

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Most cited references 9

Origins of dengue type 2 viruses associated with increased pathogenicity in the Americas.

The history of dengue outbreaks in the Americas.

Incomplete Protection against Dengue Virus Type 2 Re-infection in Peru

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