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      Is It Possible to Perform a Linear Lesion with No Local Electrograms Using a Three-Dimensional Mapping System for the Ablation of Typical Atrial Flutter?

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          Electroanatomic versus fluoroscopic mapping for catheter ablation procedures: a prospective randomized study.

          The aim of this prospective randomized study was to compare the routine use of electroanatomic imaging (CARTO) with that of conventional fluoroscopically guided activation mapping (conventional) in an unselected population referred for catheter ablation. We sought to compare the two approaches with respect to procedure outcome and duration, radiation exposure, and cost. All patients undergoing catheter ablation (with the exception of complete AV nodal ablation) were prospectively randomized to either a CARTO or conventional procedure for mapping and ablation. One hundred two patients were randomized. Acute procedural success was similar with either strategy (CARTO vs conventional 43/47 vs 51/55, P > 0.5), as was procedure duration (144 [58] vs 125 [48] min, P = 0.07 (mean [SD]). CARTO was associated with a substantial reduction in fluoroscopy time (9.3 [7.6] vs 28.8 [19.5] min, P < 0.001) and radiation dose (6.2 [6.1] vs 20.8 [32.7] Gray, P = 0.003). CARTO cases used fewer catheters (2.5 [0.7] vs 4.4 [1.1], P < 0.001), but catheter costs were higher (13.8 vs 9.3 units, P < 0.001, where one unit is equivalent to the cost of a nonsteerable quadripolar catheter). For all catheter ablation procedures, even when a center's "learning curve" for CARTO is included, procedure duration and outcome are similar for CARTO and conventional procedures. CARTO is associated with drastically reduced fluoroscopy time and radiation dose. Although fewer catheters are used with CARTO, catheter costs remain higher.
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            Effect of isthmus anatomy and ablation catheter on radiofrequency catheter ablation of the cavotricuspid isthmus.

            Cavotricuspid isthmus (CTI) characteristics are rarely documented when comparing catheters in radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of atrial flutter (AFL). Our objectives were (1) to evaluate the impact of CTI morphology and length on ablation procedures and (2) to compare the efficacy of an 8-mm-tip catheter with an irrigated cooled-tip RFA in the subgroup presumed to be more difficult to treat (with a long CTI, >35 mm). Over a period of 17 months, 185 patients accepted the protocol and underwent an isthmogram in preparation for RFA. Groups were classified according to CTI length and CTI morphology. RFA was performed with an 8-mm-tip catheter for patients with a short CTI, 35 mm (n=62). For long CTI, 32 patients were assigned to an 8-mm catheter and 30 patients to the cooled-tip RFA ablation group. In this subset, RF application (18.2+/-17 versus 19+/-13 minutes) and x-ray exposure (20.8+/-18 versus 18+/-13 minutes) did not differ between the 8-mm-tip and the cooled-tip procedures. Number of applications (9.9+/-11 versus 18.6+/-15 minutes; P<0.0001) and x-ray exposure (11.7+/-11 versus 19.5+/-16 minutes, P=0.0001) differed significantly between patients with short and long CTIs. Patients with short and straight CTIs required 3 times fewer RFA applications and shorter x-ray exposure compared with other CTI morphologies (pouch-like recesses and concave characteristics). The number of RF applications required for a complete isthmus block in long CTIs is not influenced by the choice between an 8-mm or cooled-tip catheter. Procedure parameters, however, are significantly influenced by CTI length and morphology. Pouch-like recesses and concave characteristics account for much longer ablation times at all CTI lengths.
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              Results of catheter ablation of typical atrial flutter.

              The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of radiofrequency (RF) ablation of typical atrial flutter by using an 8-mm electrode catheter and a 100-W RF power generator. A limitation of previous trials of catheter ablation of atrial flutter is that the data were not collected as part of a prospective multicenter clinical trial. The study results associated catheter ablation of typical atrial flutter in a cohort of 150 patients with an 88% acute efficacy rate. At 6-month follow-up, recurrent typical atrial flutter was observed in 13% of patients. Of the 12 patients with typical atrial flutter recurrence, 4 were symptomatic and 8 were asymptomatic. Procedure duration was a significant predictor of typical atrial flutter recurrence. The 12-month rate for development of atrial fibrillation was 30%. Catheter ablation of atrial flutter was associated with significant improvements in 5 of 8 domains of the Short Form 36 Survey (quality of life) and significant decreases in 13 of the 16 symptoms of the Symptom Checklist. The device- or procedure-related complication rate was 2.7%. Skin burns occurred at the dispersive pad site due to stronger RF power in 3 patients. Use of a dual dispersive pad system mitigated this problem. Thus, the results of this study associated catheter ablation of atrial flutter with high acute efficacy, a small risk of recurrent atrial flutter, and an important risk of atrial fibrillation during follow-up.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                CRD
                Cardiology
                10.1159/issn.0008-6312
                Cardiology
                S. Karger AG
                0008-6312
                1421-9751
                2007
                November 2007
                14 February 2007
                : 108
                : 4
                : 358-362
                Affiliations
                Department of Cardiology, S.M. Loreto Nuovo, Naples, Italy
                Article
                99109 Cardiology 2007;108:358–362
                10.1159/000099109
                17308383
                6d8657ca-2f0a-43e8-8986-d3e5a8e627c6
                © 2007 S. Karger AG, Basel

                Copyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug. Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements.

                History
                : 20 April 2006
                : 28 September 2006
                Page count
                Pages: 5
                Categories
                Original Research

                General medicine,Neurology,Cardiovascular Medicine,Internal medicine,Nephrology
                Radiofrequency ablation,Atrial flutter,Three-dimensional mapping system

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