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      Amiodarona como profilaxis de la fibrilación auricular en el postoperatorio de cirugía cardíaca

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          Abstract

          RESUMEN La fibrilación auricular (FA) es la arritmia más común del postoperatorio de cirugía cardíaca. Genera morbilidad y aumenta los tiempos de internación y costos hospitalarios. Múltiples estudios randomizados han demostrado la eficacia de la amiodarona en su profilaxis. En nuestro servicio se comenzó a utilizar un protocolo de profilaxis de FA postoperatoria con amiodarona intravenosa. Objetivo: analizar la factibilidad de este protocolo en la práctica clínica habitual, luego de un año de iniciado. Material y método: se consideraron todos los pacientes intervenidos desde octubre de 2006 a setiembre de 2007. De los pacientes elegibles para recibir la profilaxis (n=272), ésta se comenzó en 67% (n=183). Se administró amiodarona intravenosa comenzando en las primeras 24 horas de postoperatorio con una dosis mínima de 1 gramo. Se determinó la incidencia acumulada de FA para los pacientes con y sin profilaxis, y la estadía hospitalaria para los mismos pacientes, y para aquellos con y sin FA. Resultados: la mediana de seguimiento fue de 32 días. De los pacientes que iniciaron el protocolo, 27% (49/183) debieron suspenderlo. La incidencia acumulada de FA fue de 28% (77/272) para los pacientes elegibles. La incidencia acumulada de FA fue menor para los pacientes tratados con amiodarona. El tiempo de internación fue significativamente menor en los pacientes que recibieron amiodarona y en los que no presentaron FA. Conclusiones: el protocolo fue factible en dos terceras partes de los pacientes intervenidos, si bien se completó en la mitad. La incidencia de FA continúa siendo elevada en la población elegible. Los pacientes que recibieron amiodarona tuvieron menor incidencia de FA y menores tiempos de internación

          Translated abstract

          SUMMARY Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most frequent arrhythmia in the post-operative period of cardiac surgery. It generates morbidity and increases hospital length of stay and costs. Multiple randomized trials have shown the efficacy of amiodarone in the prophylaxis of AF. In our institution, a postoperative AF prophylaxis protocol with intravenous amiodarone is taking place. Aims: to analyze the feasibility of this protocol in the regular clinical practice, one year after it started. Methods: from October 2006 to September 2007, all patients who underwent open heart surgery were considered. Prophylaxis was started in 67% (183/272) of eligible patients. Intravenous amiodarone was started in the first 24 hours with a target dose of at least 1 g. Cumulative incidence of AF was calculated for patients with and without prophylaxis. Length of stay was calculated for the same groups of patients and for those with and without AF. Results: median of follow-up was 32 days; the protocol had to be interrupted in 27% (49/183) of patients. Cumulative incidence of AF was 28% (77/272) in the eligible population. Cumulative incidence of AF was lower in patients who received amiodarone. Length of stay was significantly shorter in patients treated with amiodarone and in those without AF. Conclusions: prophylaxis protocol was feasible in two thirds of patients undergoing open heart surgery, but it was completed in half of them. The incidence of AF persists high in eligible patients. Patients who received amiodarone had fewer incidence of AF and shorter length of stay.

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          Most cited references39

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          Predictors of atrial fibrillation after coronary artery surgery. Current trends and impact on hospital resources.

          Atrial fibrillation (AF) after coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) is the most common sustained arrhythmia. Its pathophysiology is unclear, and its prevention and management remain suboptimal. The aim of this prospective study was to determine the current incidence of AF, identify its clinical predictors, and examine its impact on resource utilization. Over a 12-month period ending July 31, 1994, a CABG procedure was performed on 570 consecutive patients (age range, 32 to 87 years; median age, 67 years; 232 [41%] were > or = 70 years; 175 [31%] were women; 173 [30%] were diabetics; 364 [65%] required nonelective surgery; 86 [15%] had had a prior CABG; and 86 [15%] had had prior percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty). AF occurred in 189 patients (33%). The median age for patients with AF was 71 years compared with 66 for patients without (P = .0001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis (odds ratio, +/- 95% CI, P value) was used to identify the following independent predictors of postoperative AF: increasing age (age 70 to 80 years [OR = 2; CI, 1.3 to 3; P = .002], age > 80 years [OR = 3; CI, 1.6 to 5.8; P = .0007]), male gender (OR = 1.7; CI, 1.1 to 2.7; P = .01), hypertension (OR = 1.6; CI, 1.0 to 2.3; P = .03), need for an intraoperative intraaortic balloon pump (OR = 3.5; CI, 1.2 to 10.9; P = .03), postoperative pneumonia (OR = 3.9; CI, 1.3 to 11.5; P = .01), ventilation for > 24 hours (OR = 2; CI, 1.3 to 3.2; P = .003), and return to the intensive care unit (OR = 3.2; CI, 1.1 to 8.8; P = .03). The mean length of hospital stay after surgery was 15.3 +/- 28.6 days for patients with AF compared with 9.3 +/- 19.6 days for patients without AF (P = .001). The adjusted length of hospital stay attributable to AF was 4.9 days, corresponding to > or = $10 055 in hospital charges. AF remains the most common complication after CABG and consequently is a drain on hospital resources. Concerted efforts to reduce the incidence of AF and the associated increased length of stay would result in substantial cost saving and decrease patient morbidity.
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            Preoperative amiodarone as prophylaxis against atrial fibrillation after heart surgery.

            Atrial fibrillation occurs commonly after open-heart surgery and may delay hospital discharge. The purpose of this study was to assess the use of preoperative amiodarone as prophylaxis against atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery. In this double-blind, randomized study, 124 patients were given either oral amiodarone (64 patients) or placebo (60 patients) for a minimum of seven days before elective cardiac surgery. Therapy consisted of 600 mg of amiodarone per day for seven days, then 200 mg per day until the day of discharge from the hospital. The mean (+/-SD) preoperative total dose of amiodarone was 4.8+/-0.96 g over a period of 13+/-7 days. Postoperative atrial fibrillation occurred in 16 of the 64 patients in the amiodarone group (25 percent) and 32 of the 60 patients in the placebo group (53 percent) (P=0.003). Patients in the amiodarone group were hospitalized for significantly fewer days than were patients in the placebo group (6.5+/-2.6 vs. 7.9+/-4.3 days, P=0.04). Nonfatal postoperative complications occurred in eight amiodarone-treated patients (12 percent) and in six patients receiving placebo (10 percent, P=0.78). Fatal postoperative complications occurred in three patients who received amiodarone (5 percent) and in two who received placebo (3 percent, P= 1.00). Total hospitalization costs were significantly less for the amiodarone group than for the placebo group ($18,375+/-$13,863 vs. $26,491+/-$23,837, P=0.03). Preoperative oral amiodarone in patients undergoing complex cardiac surgery is well tolerated and significantly reduces the incidence of postoperative atrial fibrillation and the duration and cost of hospitalization.
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              Clinical prediction rule for atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass grafting.

              This study was designed to devise and validate a practical prediction rule for atrial fibrillation/atrial flutter (AF) after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) using easily available clinical and standard electrocardiographic (ECG) criteria. Reported prediction rules for postoperative AF have suffered from inconsistent results and controversy surrounding the added predictive value of a prolonged P-wave duration. In 1,851 consecutive patients undergoing CABG with cardiopulmonary bypass, preoperative clinical characteristics and standard 12-lead ECG data were examined. Patients were continuously monitored for the occurrence of sustained postoperative AF while hospitalized. Multiple logistic regression was used to determine significant predictors of AF and to develop a prediction rule that was evaluated through jackknifing. Atrial fibrillation occurred in 508 of 1,553 patients (33%). Multivariate analysis showed that greater age (odds ratio [OR] 1.1 per year [95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.0 to 1.1], p 110 ms (OR 1.3 [95% CI 1.1 to 1.7], p = 0.02), and postoperative low cardiac output (OR 3.0 [95% CI 1.7 to 5.2], p = 0.0001) were independently associated with AF risk. Using the prediction rule we defined three risk categories for AF: or=80 points, 117 of 199 (59%). The area under the receiver-operator characteristic curve for the model was 0.69. These data show that post-CABG AF can be predicted with moderate accuracy using easily available patient characteristics and may prove useful in prognostic and risk stratification of patients after CABG. The presence of intraatrial conduction delay on ECG contributed least to the prediction model.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                ruc
                Revista Uruguaya de Cardiología
                Rev.Urug.Cardiol.
                Sociedad Uruguaya de Cardiología (Montevideo )
                1688-0420
                September 2008
                : 23
                : 2
                : 134-141
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Casa de Galicia
                [2 ] Universidad de la República
                [3 ] Casa de Galicia
                [4 ] Hospital de Clínicas
                [5 ] Casa de Galicia
                [6 ] Casa de Galicia
                [7 ] Casa de Galicia
                Article
                S1688-04202008000200002
                703cc1de-4871-49ad-a77d-c1c008001e75

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Uruguay

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.edu.uy/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=1688-0420&lng=en
                Categories
                CARDIAC & CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEMS
                MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL
                SURGERY

                Surgery,Cardiovascular Medicine,Internal medicine
                AMIODARONE,AMIODARONA,FIBRILACIÓN AURICULAR,CIRUGíA CARDíACA,ATRIAL FIBRILLATION,CARDIAC SURGERY

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