Injury Surveillance during a European Touch Rugby Championship

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Abstract

Background: Touch (rugby/football) is a minimal contact sport for which the type and incidence of injuries remains unknown in Europe. Objectives: To establish the incidence, severity and nature of injuries sustained during a four-day European Touch Championship competition. Methods: A prospective cohort design was adopted to record match-related injuries during the European Touch Championships 2016. Injuries were collected from five countries and classified using the Orchard Sports Injury Classification (OSICS-10). Data were combined from all participating countries and injury incidence was recorded as number of injuries/1000 player hours. Results: A total of 135 injuries were recorded during the tournament with injury incidence calculated as 103.5 injuries per 1000 player match hours. Injuries were mainly recorded as transient (76%) occurring most frequently in the lower limb (69%). Injuries occurred more frequently on successive days, with exception to the final day of the tournament. The number of injuries was not different between the first and second half of matches and there was no relationship between the day of the tournament and the half of the match that injury occurred. Conclusion: Match injury incidence was 103.5 injuries per 100 player match hours. The most injured site was that of the lower limb, with the most common injury type reported as muscle/tendon injury. It is postulated that fatigue plays a role in injury incidence during a multiday tournament.

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The Football Association Medical Research Programme: an audit of injuries in professional football--analysis of hamstring injuries.

C. WOODS (2004)

To conduct a detailed analysis of hamstring injuries sustained in English professional football over two competitive seasons. Club medical staff at 91 professional football clubs annotated player injuries over two seasons. A specific injury audit questionnaire was used together with a weekly form that documented each clubs' current injury status. Completed injury records for the two competitive seasons were obtained from 87% and 76% of the participating clubs respectively. Hamstring strains accounted for 12% of the total injuries over the two seasons with nearly half (53%) involving the biceps femoris. An average of five hamstring strains per club per season was observed. A total of 13 116 days and 2029 matches were missed because of hamstring strains, giving an average of 90 days and 15 matches missed per club per season. In 57% of cases, the injury occurred during running. Hamstring strains were most often observed during matches (62%) with an increase at the end of each half (p<0.01). Groups of players sustaining higher than expected rates of hamstring injury were Premiership (p<0.01) and outfield players (p<0.01), players of black ethnic origin (p<0.05), and players in the older age groups (p<0.01). Only 5% of hamstring strains underwent some form of diagnostic investigation. The reinjury rate for hamstring injury was 12%. Hamstring strains are common in football. In trying to reduce the number of initial and recurrent hamstring strains in football, prevention of initial injury is paramount. If injury does occur, the importance of differential diagnosis followed by the management of all causes of posterior thigh pain is emphasised. Clinical reasoning with treatment based on best available evidence is recommended.

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Incidence, risk, and prevention of hamstring muscle injuries in professional rugby union.

Dave B Reddin, Gary Fuller, Simon P T Kemp … (2006)

The incidence of hamstring muscle injuries in professional rugby union is high, but evidence-based information on risk factors and injury-prevention strategies in this sport is limited. To define the incidence, severity, and risk factors associated with hamstring muscle injuries in professional rugby union and to determine whether the use of hamstring strengthening and stretching exercises reduces the incidence and severity of these injuries. Cohort study (prevention); Level of evidence, 3. Team clinicians reported all hamstring muscle injuries on a weekly basis and provided details of the location, diagnosis, severity, and mechanism of each injury; loss of time from training and match play was used as the definition of an injury. Players' match and training exposures were recorded on a weekly basis. The incidence of hamstring muscle injuries was 0.27 per 1000 player training hours and 5.6 per 1000 player match hours. Injuries, on average, resulted in 17 days of lost time, with recurrent injuries (23%) significantly more severe (25 days lost) than new injuries (14 days lost). Second-row forwards sustained the fewest (2.4 injuries/1000 player hours) and the least severe (7 days lost) match injuries. Running activities accounted for 68% of hamstring muscle injuries, but injuries resulting from kicking were the most severe (36 days lost). Players undertaking Nordic hamstring exercises in addition to conventional stretching and strengthening exercises had lower incidences and severities of injury during training and competition. The Nordic hamstring strengthening exercise may reduce the incidence and severity of hamstring muscle injuries sustained during training and competition.

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Consensus statement on injury definitions and data collection procedures for studies of injuries in rugby union.

Willem Meeuwisse, C Fuller, Hilton Donson … (2007)

Wide variations in the definitions and methodologies used for studies of injuries in rugby union have created inconsistencies in reported data and made interstudy comparisons of results difficult. The International Rugby Board established a Rugby Injury Consensus Group (RICG) to reach an agreement on the appropriate definitions and methodologies to standardise the recording of injuries and reporting of studies in rugby union. The RICG reviewed the consensus definitions and methodologies previously published for football (soccer) at a meeting in Dublin in order to assess their suitability for and application to rugby union. Following this meeting, iterative draft statements were prepared and circulated to members of the RICG for comment; a follow-up meeting was arranged in Dublin, at which time all definitions and procedures were finalised. At this stage, all authors confirmed their agreement with the consensus statement. The agreed document was presented to and approved by the International Rugby Board Council. Agreement was reached on definitions for injury, recurrent injury, non-fatal catastrophic injury, and training and match exposures, together with criteria for classifying injuries in terms of severity, location, type, diagnosis and causation. The definitions and methodology presented in this consensus statement for rugby union are similar to those proposed for football. Adoption of the proposals presented in this consensus statement should ensure that more consistent and comparable results will be obtained from studies of injuries within rugby union.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Sports (Basel)

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Sports (Basel)

Journal ID (publisher-id): sports

Title: Sports

Publisher: MDPI

ISSN (Electronic): 2075-4663

Publication date (Electronic): 21 March 2019

Publication date Collection: March 2019

Volume: 7

Issue: 3

Electronic Location Identifier: 71

Affiliations

[1 ]Department of Human and Health Sciences, The University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK

[2 ]Department of Health Professions, Manchester Metropolitan University, Brooks Building, Bonsall Street, Manchester M15 6AN, UK; M.Thorpe@ 123456mmu.ac.uk

[3 ]Department for Health, The University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK; S.P.Roberts@ 123456bath.ac.uk

[4 ]Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, The University of Chester, Parkgate Road, Chester CH1 4BJ, UK; c.twist@ 123456chester.ac.uk

Author notes

[* ]Correspondence: E.Cropper@ 123456hud.ac.uk ; Tel.: +01484-473481

Author information

Emma Cropper https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5404-2973

Simon Roberts https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2402-0749

Craig Twist https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6168-0378

Article

Publisher ID: sports-07-00071

DOI: 10.3390/sports7030071

PMC ID: 6473874

PubMed ID: 30901899

SO-VID: 70f705b8-cb19-48fa-83d0-094766f4efbd

License:

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

History

Date received : 01 March 2019

Date accepted : 19 March 2019

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Injury Surveillance during a European Touch Rugby Championship

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Most cited references 42

The Football Association Medical Research Programme: an audit of injuries in professional football--analysis of hamstring injuries.

Incidence, risk, and prevention of hamstring muscle injuries in professional rugby union.

Consensus statement on injury definitions and data collection procedures for studies of injuries in rugby union.

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