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      Vessel wall MR imaging in neuroradiology

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          Abstract

          Vessel wall MR imaging (VW-MRI) has been introduced into clinical practice and applied to a variety of diseases, and its usefulness has been reported. High-resolution VW-MRI is essential in the diagnostic workup and provides more information than other routine MR imaging protocols. VW-MRI is useful in assessing lesion location, morphology, and severity. Additional information, such as vessel wall enhancement, which is useful in the differential diagnosis of atherosclerotic disease and vasculitis could be assessed by this special imaging technique. This review describes the VW-MRI technique and its clinical applications in arterial disease, venous disease, vasculitis, and leptomeningeal disease.

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          Atherosclerosis — An Inflammatory Disease

          Franklin H. Epstein, Russell Ross (1999)
          Article 0 comments Cited 955 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Classification of subtype of acute ischemic stroke. Definitions for use in a multicenter clinical trial. TOAST. Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment.

            H P Adams, B Bendixen, L Kappelle … (1992)
            The etiology of ischemic stroke affects prognosis, outcome, and management. Trials of therapies for patients with acute stroke should include measurements of responses as influenced by subtype of ischemic stroke. A system for categorization of subtypes of ischemic stroke mainly based on etiology has been developed for the Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST). A classification of subtypes was prepared using clinical features and the results of ancillary diagnostic studies. "Possible" and "probable" diagnoses can be made based on the physician's certainty of diagnosis. The usefulness and interrater agreement of the classification were tested by two neurologists who had not participated in the writing of the criteria. The neurologists independently used the TOAST classification system in their bedside evaluation of 20 patients, first based only on clinical features and then after reviewing the results of diagnostic tests. The TOAST classification denotes five subtypes of ischemic stroke: 1) large-artery atherosclerosis, 2) cardioembolism, 3) small-vessel occlusion, 4) stroke of other determined etiology, and 5) stroke of undetermined etiology. Using this rating system, interphysician agreement was very high. The two physicians disagreed in only one patient. They were both able to reach a specific etiologic diagnosis in 11 patients, whereas the cause of stroke was not determined in nine. The TOAST stroke subtype classification system is easy to use and has good interobserver agreement. This system should allow investigators to report responses to treatment among important subgroups of patients with ischemic stroke. Clinical trials testing treatments for acute ischemic stroke should include similar methods to diagnose subtypes of stroke.
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              Intracranial Vessel Wall MRI: Principles and Expert Consensus Recommendations of the American Society of Neuroradiology.

              D.M. Mandell, M Mossa-Basha, Y Qiao … (2017)
              Intracranial vessel wall MR imaging is an adjunct to conventional angiographic imaging with CTA, MRA, or DSA. The technique has multiple potential uses in the context of ischemic stroke and intracranial hemorrhage. There remain gaps in our understanding of intracranial vessel wall MR imaging findings and research is ongoing, but the technique is already used on a clinical basis at many centers. This article, on behalf of the Vessel Wall Imaging Study Group of the American Society of Neuroradiology, provides expert consensus recommendations for current clinical practice.
              Article 0 comments Cited 177 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Yasutaka Fushimi:
                ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1982-3168
                yfushimi@kuhp.kyoto-u.ac.jp
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Radiol Med
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Radiol Med
                Title: La Radiologia Medica
                Publisher: Springer Milan (Milan )
                ISSN (Print): 0033-8362
                ISSN (Electronic): 1826-6983
                Publication date (Electronic): 30 July 2022
                Pages: 1-14
                Affiliations
                [1 ]GRID grid.258799.8, ISNI 0000 0004 0372 2033, Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, , Kyoto University, ; 54 Shogoin Kawaharacho, Sakyoku, Kyoto, 6068507 Japan
                [2 ]GRID grid.258799.8, ISNI 0000 0004 0372 2033, Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, , Kyoto University, ; Kyoto, Japan
                [3 ]GRID grid.413697.e, ISNI 0000 0004 0378 7558, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, , Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center, ; Amagasaki, Japan
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1982-3168
                Article
                Publisher ID: 1528
                DOI: 10.1007/s11547-022-01528-y
                PMC ID: 9362557
                PubMed ID: 35907157
                SO-VID: 7132ae1a-3265-4a86-8b9b-9df148da2bff
                Copyright © © Italian Society of Medical Radiology 2022
                License:

                This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted research re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic.

                History
                Date received : 31 March 2022
                Date accepted : 12 July 2022
                Funding
                Funded by: JSPS KAKENHI
                Award ID: 22K07746
                Award ID: 21K15623
                Award ID: 21K15826
                Award ID: 21K20834
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: Kyoto University Research Fund for Young Scientists (Start-Up) FY2021
                Funded by: The Kyoto University Foundation
                Categories
                Subject: Neuroradiology

                Keywords: vessel wall mr imaging,3d mri,vessel wall enhancement,magnetization transfer,mr angiography,delay alternating with nutation for tailored excitation
                Data availability:
                Keywords: vessel wall mr imaging, 3d mri, vessel wall enhancement, magnetization transfer, mr angiography, delay alternating with nutation for tailored excitation

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