Xanthogranulomatous cystitis is a rare, benign, chronic inflammatory disease of the bladder, mimicking malignancy with unknown etiology. Herein, we report a 57-year-old man who presented with pollakiuria, nocturia, dysuria, left flank pain, and a palpable mass on the right lower abdomen. Computerized tomography demonstrated an obstructing 10-mm stone in the lower third of the left ureter and a 6-cm solid mass on the right at the anterolateral wall of the bladder. The mass presented local perivesical invasion at the anterolateral side. Cystouretroscopy revealed a mass protruding into the bladder cavity with edematous smooth surface. Frozen section analysis of the partial cystectomy specimen could not rule out malignancy. Therefore, radical cystoprostatectomy and ureterolithotomy were performed. Histologically, fibrosis, numerous plasma cells, eosinophils, and, immunohistochemically, CD68-positive epithelioid and foamy macrophages were detected. Localized prostatic adenocarcinoma was also found. The present case of xanthogranulomatous cystitis is the 23rd to be reported in the world literature.

Xanthogranulomatous cystitis (XC) is a rare benign chronic inflammatory disease of unknown etiology. Curative treatment of XC requires surgical resection, and most of reported cases were treated by partial cystectomy. Here we describe a case with XC that was treated using transurethral resection.

Xanthogranulomatous cystitis (XC) is a chronic granulomatous inflammation with rare incidence. Herein, we report a 62-year-old female whose cystoscopic biopsy showed chronic inflammation accompanied with acute episode of inflammation. According to CT scan, pathology of the lesion could not rule out bladder carcinoma. Thus, partial cystectomy was done. But post-operatory pathological examination of the specimen was finally demonstrated Xanthogranulomatous cystitis. To the best of our knowledge, the present case of XC is the 28th to be reported in the world literature.