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      Lived experiences of women with low birth weight infants in the Solomon Islands: A descriptive qualitative study

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          Abstract

          Every year, around 20 million women worldwide give birth to low birth weight (LBW) infants, with majority of these births occurring in low-and middle-income countries, including the Solomon Islands. Few studies have explored the pregnancy lived experience of women who deliver LBW infants. The aim of the study is to understand the lived experience of women in the Solomon Islands who gave birth to LBW infants by exploring their personal (socio-demographic and health), behavioural, social and environmental contexts. We used a qualitative descriptive approach and purposely selected 18 postnatal women with LBW infants in the Solomon Islands for an in-depth interview. All data were analysed using thematic analysis in NVivo. We identified six themes reported as being related to LBW: health issues, diet and nutrition, substance use, domestic violence, environmental conditions and antenatal care. Our findings suggest that women in the Solomon Islands are exposed to various personal, behavioural, social and environmental risk factors during pregnancy that can impact birth outcomes, particularly LBW. We recommend further research should be redirected to look at the factors/themes identified in the interviews.

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          Using thematic analysis in psychology

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            Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ): a 32-item checklist for interviews and focus groups.

            Qualitative research explores complex phenomena encountered by clinicians, health care providers, policy makers and consumers. Although partial checklists are available, no consolidated reporting framework exists for any type of qualitative design. To develop a checklist for explicit and comprehensive reporting of qualitative studies (in depth interviews and focus groups). We performed a comprehensive search in Cochrane and Campbell Protocols, Medline, CINAHL, systematic reviews of qualitative studies, author or reviewer guidelines of major medical journals and reference lists of relevant publications for existing checklists used to assess qualitative studies. Seventy-six items from 22 checklists were compiled into a comprehensive list. All items were grouped into three domains: (i) research team and reflexivity, (ii) study design and (iii) data analysis and reporting. Duplicate items and those that were ambiguous, too broadly defined and impractical to assess were removed. Items most frequently included in the checklists related to sampling method, setting for data collection, method of data collection, respondent validation of findings, method of recording data, description of the derivation of themes and inclusion of supporting quotations. We grouped all items into three domains: (i) research team and reflexivity, (ii) study design and (iii) data analysis and reporting. The criteria included in COREQ, a 32-item checklist, can help researchers to report important aspects of the research team, study methods, context of the study, findings, analysis and interpretations.
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              National, regional, and worldwide estimates of low birthweight in 2015, with trends from 2000: a systematic analysis

              Summary Background Low birthweight (LBW) of less than 2500 g is an important marker of maternal and fetal health, predicting mortality, stunting, and adult-onset chronic conditions. Global nutrition targets set at the World Health Assembly in 2012 include an ambitious 30% reduction in LBW prevalence between 2012 and 2025. Estimates to track progress towards this target are lacking; with this analysis, we aim to assist in setting a baseline against which to assess progress towards the achievement of the World Health Assembly targets. Methods We sought to identify all available LBW input data for livebirths for the years 2000–16. We considered population-based national or nationally representative datasets for inclusion if they contained information on birthweight or LBW prevalence for livebirths. A new method for survey adjustment was developed and used. For 57 countries with higher quality time-series data, we smoothed country-reported trends in birthweight data by use of B-spline regression. For all other countries, we estimated LBW prevalence and trends by use of a restricted maximum likelihood approach with country-level random effects. Uncertainty ranges were obtained through bootstrapping. Results were summed at the regional and worldwide level. Findings We collated 1447 country-years of birthweight data (281 million births) for 148 countries of 195 UN member states (47 countries had no data meeting inclusion criteria). The estimated worldwide LBW prevalence in 2015 was 14·6% (uncertainty range [UR] 12·4–17·1) compared with 17·5% (14·1–21·3) in 2000 (average annual reduction rate [AARR] 1·23%). In 2015, an estimated 20·5 million (UR 17·4–24·0 million) livebirths were LBW, 91% from low-and-middle income countries, mainly southern Asia (48%) and sub-Saharan Africa (24%). Interpretation Although these estimates suggest some progress in reducing LBW between 2000 and 2015, achieving the 2·74% AARR required between 2012 and 2025 to meet the global nutrition target will require more than doubling progress, involving both improved measurement and programme investments to address the causes of LBW throughout the lifecycle. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, The Children's Investment Fund Foundation, United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), and WHO.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Project administrationRole: SoftwareRole: ValidationRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: MethodologyRole: SupervisionRole: ValidationRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: SupervisionRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: SupervisionRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Formal analysisRole: MethodologyRole: SupervisionRole: ValidationRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: Editor
                Journal
                PLOS Glob Public Health
                PLOS Glob Public Health
                plos
                PLOS Global Public Health
                Public Library of Science (San Francisco, CA USA )
                2767-3375
                7 December 2022
                2022
                : 2
                : 12
                : e0001008
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
                [2 ] School of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Solomon Islands National University, Honiara, Solomon Islands
                [3 ] School of Public Health, The University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
                [4 ] Centre for Fertility and Health (CeFH), Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
                [5 ] enAble Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
                Yale University, UNITED STATES
                Author notes

                The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7350-0645
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4784-8151
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3740-8117
                Article
                PGPH-D-22-01214
                10.1371/journal.pgph.0001008
                10022132
                36962868
                7218d936-f820-433a-8bfa-563b9df98794
                © 2022 Kaforau et al

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                : 22 July 2022
                : 4 November 2022
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Pages: 14
                Funding
                Funded by: National Health and Medical Research Council Project and Investigator Grants
                Award ID: #1099655 and #1173991
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: Research Council of Norway through its Centres of Excellence funding scheme
                Award ID: #262700
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: National Health and Medical Research Council Investigator Grant
                Award ID: #1195716
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: funder-id http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001137, Australia Awards;
                Award ID: AAS
                Award Recipient :
                GP was supported with funding from the National Health and Medical Research Council Project and Investigator Grants #1099655 and #1173991 and the Research Council of Norway through its Centres of Excellence funding scheme #262700. GAT was supported with funding from the National Health and Medical Research Council Investigator Grant #1195716. LSK is a recipient of the Australia Award scholarship from the Department of Foreign Affairs. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
                Categories
                Research Article
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Women's Health
                Maternal Health
                Pregnancy
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Women's Health
                Obstetrics and Gynecology
                Pregnancy
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Physiology
                Physiological Parameters
                Body Weight
                Birth Weight
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Epidemiology
                Medical Risk Factors
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Nutrition
                Diet
                Food
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Nutrition
                Diet
                Food
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Epidemiology
                Medical Risk Factors
                Traumatic Injury Risk Factors
                Violent Crime
                Domestic Violence
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Public and Occupational Health
                Traumatic Injury Risk Factors
                Violent Crime
                Domestic Violence
                Social Sciences
                Sociology
                Criminology
                Crime
                Violent Crime
                Domestic Violence
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Women's Health
                Maternal Health
                Antenatal Care
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Nutrition
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Nutrition
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Health Care
                Environmental Health
                Sanitation
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Public and Occupational Health
                Environmental Health
                Sanitation
                Custom metadata
                The data has been deposited in the qualitative data repository with the link below: https://data.qdr.syr.edu/dataset.xhtml?persistentId=doi:10.5064/F6EIQLEB.

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