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      Diminished N1 Auditory Evoked Potentials to Oddball Stimuli in Misophonia Patients

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          Abstract

          Misophonia (hatred of sound) is a newly defined psychiatric condition in which ordinary human sounds, such as breathing and eating, trigger impulsive aggression. In the current study, we investigated if a dysfunction in the brain’s early auditory processing system could be present in misophonia. We screened 20 patients with misophonia with the diagnostic criteria for misophonia, and 14 matched healthy controls without misophonia, and investigated any potential deficits in auditory processing of misophonia patients using auditory event-related potentials (ERPs) during an oddball task. Subjects watched a neutral silent movie while being presented a regular frequency of beep sounds in which oddball tones of 250 and 4000 Hz were randomly embedded in a stream of repeated 1000 Hz standard tones. We examined the P1, N1, and P2 components locked to the onset of the tones. For misophonia patients, the N1 peak evoked by the oddball tones had smaller mean peak amplitude than the control group. However, no significant differences were found in P1 and P2 components evoked by the oddball tones. There were no significant differences between the misophonia patients and their controls in any of the ERP components to the standard tones. The diminished N1 component to oddball tones in misophonia patients suggests an underlying neurobiological deficit in misophonia patients. This reduction might reflect a basic impairment in auditory processing in misophonia patients.

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          The N1 wave of the human electric and magnetic response to sound: a review and an analysis of the component structure.

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            SCL-90: an outpatient psychiatric rating scale--preliminary report.

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              Interpreting the Mismatch Negativity

              The widely accepted “memory-mismatch” interpretation of the mismatch negativity (MMN) event-related brain potential (ERP) suggests that an MMN is elicited when an acoustic event deviates from a memory record describing the immediate history of the sound sequence. The first variant of the memory-mismatch theory suggested that the memory underlying MMN generation was a strong auditory sensory memory trace, which encoded the repetitive standard sound. This “trace-mismatch” explanation of MMN has been primarily based on results obtained in the auditory oddball paradigm. However, in recent years, MMN has been observed in stimulus paradigms containing no frequently repeating sound. We now suggest a different variant of the memory-mismatch interpretation of MMN in order to provide a unified explanation of all MMN phenomena. The regularity-violation explanation of MMN assumes that the memory records retaining the history of auditory stimulation are regularity representations. These representations encode rules extracted from the regular intersound relationships, which are mapped to the concrete sound sequence by finely detailed auditory sensory information. Auditory events are compared with temporally aligned predictions drawn from the regularity representations (predictive models) and the observable MMN response reflects a process updating the representations of those detected regularities whose prediction was mismatched by the acoustic input. It is further suggested that the auditory deviance detection system serves to organize sound in the brain: The predictive models maintained by the MMN-generating process provide the basis of temporal grouping, a crucial step in the formation of auditory objects.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                URI : http://frontiersin.org/people/u/88379
                URI : http://frontiersin.org/people/u/148028
                URI : http://frontiersin.org/people/u/16620
                URI : http://frontiersin.org/people/u/125189
                URI : http://frontiersin.org/people/u/118551
                URI : http://frontiersin.org/people/u/148111
                URI : http://frontiersin.org/people/u/45392
                Journal
                Front Behav Neurosci
                Front Behav Neurosci
                Front. Behav. Neurosci.
                Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience
                Frontiers Media S.A.
                1662-5153
                09 April 2014
                2014
                : 8
                : 123
                Affiliations
                [1] 1Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam, Netherlands
                [2] 2Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences , Amsterdam, Netherlands
                Author notes

                Edited by: Paul E. M. Phillips, University of Washington, USA

                Reviewed by: René Hurlemann, University of Bonn, Germany; Adrian K. C. Lee, University of Washington, USA

                *Correspondence: Arjan Schröder, Ali Mazaheri and Damiaan Denys, Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 5, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands e-mail: a.e.schroder@ 123456amc.nl ; ali.mazah@ 123456gmail.com ; ddenys@ 123456gmail.com

                Arjan Schröder and Rosanne van Diepen have contributed equally to this work.

                Senior co-authors.

                This article was submitted to the journal Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience.

                Article
                10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00123
                3988356
                24782731
                75ae1c99-b1a7-41ef-a2a6-7a820080b95b
                Copyright © 2014 Schröder, van Diepen, Mazaheri, Petropoulos-Petalas, Soto de Amesti, Vulink and Denys.

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

                History
                : 29 September 2013
                : 24 March 2014
                Page count
                Figures: 2, Tables: 3, Equations: 0, References: 38, Pages: 6, Words: 4807
                Categories
                Neuroscience
                Original Research

                Neurosciences
                impulsivity,aggression,sound,misophonia,mismatch negativity,biological markers,auditory event-related potentials

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