Cdc42EP3/BORG2 and Septin Network Enables Mechano-transduction and the Emergence of Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts

Summary

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are non-cancerous cells found in solid tumors that remodel the tumor matrix and promote cancer invasion and angiogenesis. Here, we demonstrate that Cdc42EP3/BORG2 is required for the matrix remodeling, invasion, angiogenesis, and tumor-growth-promoting abilities of CAFs. Cdc42EP3 functions by coordinating the actin and septin networks. Furthermore, depletion of SEPT2 has similar effects to those of loss of Cdc42EP3, indicating a role for the septin network in the tumor stroma. Cdc42EP3 is upregulated early in fibroblast activation and precedes the emergence of the highly contractile phenotype characteristic of CAFs. Depletion of Cdc42EP3 in normal fibroblasts prevents their activation by cancer cells. We propose that Cdc42EP3 sensitizes fibroblasts to further cues—in particular, those activating actomyosin contractility—and thereby enables the generation of the pathological activated fibroblast state.

Graphical Abstract

Highlights

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  Cdc42EP3-mediated coordination of actin and septin is required for CAF function

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  The septin network is changed in CAFs and is required for their function

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  Cdc42EP3 enables responses to changes in matrix stiffness

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  Upregulation of Cdc42EP3 is required for the activation of normal fibroblasts

Abstract

Calvo et al. identify Cdc42EP3 as a regulator of the pro-tumorigenic functions of cancer-associated fibroblasts. Cdc42EP3 is upregulated during fibroblast activation and coordinates actin and septin rearrangements that are required for mechanotransduction and CAF functions.