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      Relationship between the psychosocial impact of dental aesthetics and perfectionism and self-esteem

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          Abstract

          Background

          Awareness of the influence of personality traits such as self-esteem and perfectionism on the aesthetic self-image can help clinicians to improve their patients’ satisfaction and quality of life. The main objective of this study was to examine the relationship between self-esteem, perfectionism and the psychosocial impact of dental aesthetics, and their association with gender.

          Material and Methods

          A descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in a sample of 301 students of the Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry of the University of Valencia, aged between 18 and 30 years. Each participant was asked to complete a survey comprising three questionnaires: PIDAQ (Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire), MPS (Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale) and RSS (Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale). The response rate was 79%.

          Results

          The mean age was 20.8 years; 226 were women (75 %) and 75 were men (25 %). A negative correlation (Pearson = -0.387) was found between the total PIDAQ score and self-esteem. The correlation with perfectionism was found to be positive (Pearson = 0.281). On comparing the questionnaire and subscale scores by gender, the only statistically significant differences were in perfectionism (men 97.4, women 89.1) and self-confidence (men 22.1, women 23.5).

          Conclusions

          The students most affected by poor dental aesthetics had lower self-esteem and higher levels of perfectionism. The men presented higher levels of perfectionism than the women, while the latter displayed greater self-confidence in their dental aesthetics. Clinicians should pay greater attention to these traits and to their implications for treating these patients.

          Key words:Psychosocial impact of dental aesthetics questionnaire, multidimensional perfectionism scale, rosenberg self-esteem scale, students.

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          Most cited references29

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          The development of an index of orthodontic treatment priority.

          P Brook, W Shaw (1989)
          The aim of this study was to develop a valid and reproducible index of orthodontic treatment priority. After reviewing the available literature, it was felt that this could be best achieved by using two separate components to record firstly the dental health and functional indications for treatment, and secondly the aesthetic impairment caused by the malocclusion. A modification of the index used by the Swedish Dental Health Board was used to record the need for orthodontic treatment on dental health and functional grounds. This index was modified by defining five grades, with precise dividing lines between each grade. An illustrated 10-point scale was used to assess independently the aesthetic treatment need of the patients. This scale was constructed using dental photographs of 12-year-olds collected during a large multi-disciplinary survey. Six non-dental judges rated these photographs on a visual analogue scale, and at equal intervals along the judged range, representative photographs were chosen. To test the index in use, two sample populations were defined; a group of patients referred for treatment, and a random sample of 11-12-year-old schoolchildren. Both samples were examined using the index and satisfactory levels of intra- and inter-examiner agreement were obtained.
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            Development of a questionnaire for assessment of the psychosocial impact of dental aesthetics in young adults.

            Ulrich Klages, Nadine Claus, Andrej Zentner … (2006)
            The aim of this study was to develop a psychometric instrument for assessment of orthodontic-specific aspects of quality of life. The study subjects, 194 young adults aged 18-30 years, were interviewed using a pool of 23 items dealing with the psychosocial impact of dental aesthetics. Self- and interviewer-rating of the dental aesthetic appearance of each subject were carried out using the Aesthetic Component (AC) of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN). Additionally, the Perception of Occlusion Scale and a modification of the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) were applied. Factorial analyses identified four measures within the item pool, namely Dental Self-Confidence, Social Impact, Psychological Impact, and Aesthetic Concern. The factor structure was confirmed in an independent sample of 83 subjects aged 18-33 years. The reliabilities of the factor analysis-derived scales were between alpha (alpha) 0.85 and 0.91. They differed between respondents with varying severity of malocclusion, as assessed by subject and interviewer ratings. The results suggest that the proposed instrument, termed the 'Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire' (PIDAQ), meets the criteria of factorial stability across samples and criterion-related validity and reliability, and might be a promising tool for further research and clinical application in orthodontics.
            Article 0 comments Cited 70 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              A longitudinal study of consistency and change in self-esteem from early adolescence to early adulthood.

              R Robins, Torin Block (1993)
              In a longitudinal study of 47 girls and 44 boys, developmental change in self-esteem (SE) was examined from early adolescence through late adolescence to early adulthood. Males tended to increase and females tended to decrease in SE over time. There was appreciable rank-order consistency in SE over time. Within each gender, the considerable individual differences in developmental trajectories were coherently related to personality characteristics independently assessed in early adolescence. Boys and girls with high SE possessed quite different personality characteristics in early adolescence; by early adulthood, although important differences remained, the personality characteristics associated with high SE were similar for the 2 sexes. Discussion focuses on the implications of our findings for the "consistency versus change" debate, the influence of gender-role socialization on SE development, and the importance of examining normative, gender-specific, and individual developmental change in SE.
              Article 0 comments Cited 66 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Clin Exp Dent
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Clin Exp Dent
                Journal ID (publisher-id): Medicina Oral S.L.
                Title: Journal of Clinical and Experimental Dentistry
                Publisher: Medicina Oral S.L.
                ISSN (Electronic): 1989-5488
                Publication date (Electronic): 1 December 2017
                Publication date Collection: December 2017
                Volume: 9
                Issue: 12
                Pages: e1453-e1458
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Grado en odontología [equivalent to BSc Dentistry], University of Valencia
                [2 ]Post-Doctoral Teaching Assistant, Department of Social Psychology, University of Valencia
                [3 ]Post-Doctoral Teaching Assistant, Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia
                [4 ]Tenured Lecturer, Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia
                [5 ]Teaching Assistant, Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia
                Author notes
                Department d’Estomatologia Universitat de València C/ Gascó Oliag 1 46010-Valencia , E-mail: carlos.bellot@ 123456uv.es

                Conflict of interest statement:The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

                Article
                Publisher ID: 54481
                DOI: 10.4317/jced.54481
                PMC ID: 5794124
                PubMed ID: 29410762
                SO-VID: 76f11491-afb1-4062-a190-935c83d5d177
                Copyright © Copyright: © 2017 Medicina Oral S.L.
                License:

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date accepted : 12 November 2017
                Date received : 30 October 2017
                Categories
                Subject: Research
                Subject: Esthetic Dentistry

                Data availability:

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