Effects of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Gene Polymorphism on the Left-Ventricular Function and Mass in Patients with Acromegaly

Abstract

In this study we have investigated the contribution of the ACE genotype to the development of left-ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and systolic and diastolic dysfunctions in acromegalic patients. The study group consisted of 30 acromegalic patients (21 women and 9 men, age: 37.9 ± 10.8 years, disease duration: 9.0 ± 6.9 years). The distribution of the DD, ID and II genotypes was 40.0 (n = 12), 46.6 (n = 14) and 13.3% (n = 4), respectively, being similar to frequencies observed in a healthy population. Plasma ACE levels were 55.0 ± 12.0 (45–84), 28.7 ± 15.7 (8–58) and 24.5 ± 12.0 (16–33) U/l in patients with the DD, ID and II genotype, respectively. The mean serum ACE activity in the DD genotype was significantly higher than in the heterozygous group (p < 0.0001). Serum ACE activity showed a significant negative association with the mean growth hormone level (r = –0.52, p = 0.007). The LV early diastolic flow velocity/LV presystolic flow velocity (E/A) ratios were 1.2 ± 0.4 for the DD genotype, 1.3 ± 0.3 for the ID genotype and 0.7 ± 0.1 for the II genotype. The E/A ratio was considerably lower in acromegalic patients with the II genotype compared to the other genotypes (p = 0.03). The LV mass index (LVMI) values were 131.5 ± 4.2 g/m² for the DD genotype, 141.7 ± 50.3 g/m² for the ID genotype and 159.6 ± 48.2 g/m² for the II genotype. However, there was no significant difference in LVMI among allelic groups. All other indices of systolic and diastolic function were not statistically different in the acromegalic patients. The present data fail to support a role of ACE gene polymorphism in determining LVH in acromegalic patients. However, the I allele may prove as a useful marker predicting the development of diastolic dysfunction in acromegalic patients.