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      Call for Papers: Green Renal Replacement Therapy: Caring for the Environment

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      About Blood Purification: 2.2 Impact Factor I 5.8 CiteScore I 0.782 Scimago Journal & Country Rank (SJR)

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      Changes in Circulating Levels of Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide and Nitric Oxide Metabolites in Septic Patients during Direct Hemoperfusion with Polymyxin B-Immobilized Fiber

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          Abstract

          Background/Aims: This study evaluated the mechanism of hemodynamic improvement in polymyxin B-immobilized fiber (PMX) treatment. Methods: Fifteen septic patients with endotoxemia and/or gram negative infection were treated with PMX. Plasma concentrations of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and nitric oxide metabolites were measured. Results: CGRP and nitric oxide metabolites before treatment were significantly higher than in healthy controls. CGRP had a significantly inverse correlation with diastolic blood pressure and a positive correlation with the Septic Severity Score and the number of failed organs. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure and systemic vascular resistance index increased significantly both immediately after and 24 h after PMX treatment. CGRP decreased significantly 24 h after the treatment. In contrast, there were no significant changes in nitric oxide metabolites. Conclusion: PMX treatment improved hemodynamic parameters in septic patients, and CGRP increased with increasing severity of sepsis. We conclude that a decrease in CGRP levels may be related to hemodynamic improvement resulting from PMX treatments.

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          Vanilloid receptors on sensory nerves mediate the vasodilator action of anandamide.

          P Zygmunt, J. Petersson, D Andersson … (1999)
          The endogenous cannabinoid receptor agonist anandamide is a powerful vasodilator of isolated vascular preparations, but its mechanism of action is unclear. Here we show that the vasodilator response to anandamide in isolated arteries is capsaicin-sensitive and accompanied by release of calcitonin-gene-related peptide (CGRP). The selective CGRP-receptor antagonist 8-37 CGRP, but not the cannabinoid CB1 receptor blocker SR141716A, inhibited the vasodilator effect of anandamide. Other endogenous (2-arachidonylglycerol, palmitylethanolamide) and synthetic (HU 210, WIN 55,212-2, CP 55,940) CB1 and CB2 receptor agonists could not mimic the action of anandamide. The selective 'vanilloid receptor' antagonist capsazepine inhibited anandamide-induced vasodilation and release of CGRP. In patch-clamp experiments on cells expressing the cloned vanilloid receptor (VR1), anandamide induced a capsazepine-sensitive current in whole cells and isolated membrane patches. Our results indicate that anandamide induces vasodilation by activating vanilloid receptors on perivascular sensory nerves and causing release of CGRP. The vanilloid receptor may thus be another molecular target for endogenous anandamide, besides cannabinoid receptors, in the nervous and cardiovascular systems.
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            Pathogenetic mechanisms of septic shock.

            J E Parrillo (1993)
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              Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP): perivascular distribution and vasodilatory effects.

              R Uddman, L Edvinsson, E Ekblad … (1986)
              The distribution of perivascular nerve fibers displaying calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) immunoreactivity and the effect of CGRP on vascular smooth muscle were studied in the guinea-pig. Perivascular CGRP fibers were seen in all vascular beds. Generally, they were more numerous around arteries than veins. Small arteries in the respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract and genitourinary tract had numerous CGRP fibers. The gastroepiploic artery in particular received a rich supply of such fibers. Coronary blood vessels had a moderate supply of CGRP fibers. In the heart, a moderate number of CGRP fibers was seen running close to myocardial fibers. The atria had a richer supply than the ventricles. Numerous CGRP immunoreactive nerve cell bodies and nerve fibers were seen in sensory (trigeminal, jugular and spinal dorsal root) ganglia. Sequential or double immunostaining with antibodies against substance P and CGRP suggested co-existence of the two peptides in nerve cell bodies in the ganglia and in perivascular fibers. In agreement with previous findings CGRP turned out to be a strong vasodilator in vitro as tested on several blood vessels (e.g. basilar, gastroepiploic and mesenteric arteries). Conceivably, perivascular CGRP/SP fibers have a dual role as regulator of local blood flow and as carrier of sensory information.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (publisher-id): BPU
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Blood Purif
                Journal ID (doi): 10.1159/issn.0253-5068
                Title: Blood Purification
                Publisher: S. Karger AG
                ISSN (Print): 0253-5068
                ISSN (Electronic): 1421-9735
                Publication date Subscription-year: 2003
                Publication date (Print): 2003
                Publication date (Electronic): 05 June 2003
                Volume: 21
                Issue: 3
                Pages: 237-243
                Affiliations
                aPMX Hemodynamics Study Group, and bDepartment of Surgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga; cDivision of Critical Care and Emergency Medicine, Hachioji Medical Center, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo; dEmergency and Critical Care Center, Kohseikan, Saga Prefectural Hospital, Saga; eDepartment of Hemodialysis Therapy, Social Insurance Chukyo Hospital, Nagoya; fDepartment of Traumatology and Critical Care Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo; gKidney Center, Tenjin-kai Koga Hospital, Saga; hDivision of Intensive Care Medicine Anesthesiology & and Resuscitology, Okayama University Medical School Hospital, Okayama, Japan
                Article
                Publisher ID: 70696 Other ID: Blood Purif 2003;21:237–243
                DOI: 10.1159/000070696
                PubMed ID: 12784050
                SO-VID: 7831cc38-0f5b-447d-9bd3-b7c11b742800
                Copyright © © 2003 S. Karger AG, Basel
                License:

                Copyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug. Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements.

                History
                Date received : 19 March 2003
                Page count
                Figures: 1, Tables: 4, References: 44, Pages: 7
                Categories
                Subject: Original Paper

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Cardiovascular Medicine,Nephrology
                Keywords: Multiple organ failure,Hemoperfusion,Endotoxin,Sepsis,Toraymyxin,Polymyxin B-immobilized fiber,Calcitonin gene-related peptide,Nitric oxide metabolites,Septic shock
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Cardiovascular Medicine, Nephrology
                Keywords: Multiple organ failure, Hemoperfusion, Endotoxin, Sepsis, Toraymyxin, Polymyxin B-immobilized fiber, Calcitonin gene-related peptide, Nitric oxide metabolites, Septic shock

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