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      Früherkennung primärer Sprachentwicklungsstörungen – zunehmende Relevanz durch Änderung der Diagnosekriterien? Translated title: Early detection of primary developmental language disorders—increasing relevance due to changes in diagnostic criteria?

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          Abstract

          Sprachentwicklungsstörungen (SES) sind die häufigsten Entwicklungsstörungen im Kindesalter. Die „primären SES“ (Prävalenz etwa 7 %) werden im Unterschied zu „sekundären SES“ nicht durch andere Entwicklungsstörungen bzw. Erkrankungen (mit-)verursacht. In der deutschen Modifikation der Internationalen Statistischen Klassifikation der Krankheiten und verwandter Gesundheitsprobleme (ICD-10-GM-22) werden die primären SES als „Umschriebene Entwicklungsstörungen des Sprechens und der Sprache“ (USES) bezeichnet, wobei u. a. ein Intelligenzquotient (IQ) < 85 als Ausschlusskriterium gilt. In der ICD-11 werden primäre SES als „Developmental Language Disorder“ (DLD) angegeben.

          Deutschsprachige Sprachtherapeut*innen möchten nun den Terminus „USES“ durch „DLD“ ersetzen und dabei die Diagnosekriterien verwenden, die vom internationalen CATALISE-Consortium (Criteria and Terminology Applied to Language Impairments Synthesizing the Evidence) vorgeschlagen werden, in deren Bestreben, eine Neubestimmung des Störungsbildes vorzunehmen. Nach dieser Konzeption werden jedoch nur Kinder mit einer geistigen Behinderung (IQ < 70) von der Diagnose ausgeschlossen. Dieser Wechsel in den diagnostischen Kriterien hätte höchstwahrscheinlich einen Anstieg der Prävalenz zur Folge. Damit wird die Frage der Früherkennung wichtiger denn je. In diesem Diskussionsbeitrag wird erklärt, dass die Public-Health-Relevanz der primären SES wächst und systematischen Früherkennungsuntersuchungen eine noch wichtigere Rolle zukommen wird. Mit einer frühzeitigen Diagnose und Therapie können Risiken in den Bereichen psychische Gesundheit, Verhalten und Entwicklung von Fertigkeiten gemindert werden.

          Derzeit erfolgen Diagnostik (und Therapie) meist relativ spät. Der Ausweg könnte in der Anwendung neurobiologischer Parameter liegen. Dazu werden jedoch weitere Studien benötigt, die Kinderkohorten in einem prospektiven longitudinalen Design auf Frühindikatoren untersuchen. Auch die Bildung eines Früherkennungsindex aus mehreren Indikatoren ist zu erwägen.

          Translated abstract

          Language development disorders (in German: Sprachentwicklungsstörungen, SES) are the most common developmental disorders in childhood. In contrast to “secondary SES,” “primary SES” (prevalence about 7%) are not (co-)caused by other developmental disorders or diseases. In the German modification of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10-GM-22), primary SES are referred to as “circumscribed developmental disorders of speech and language” (in German: USES; international previously known as Specific Language Impairment SLI), with an intelligence quotient (IQ) < 85 as an exclusion criterion, among other criteria. In ICD-11, primary SES are listed as “developmental language disorders” (DLD).

          German-speaking speech and language therapists would now like to replace the term “USES” with “DLD” using the diagnostic criteria proposed by the international CATALISE consortium (Criteria and Terminology Applied to Language Impairments Synthesizing the Evidence), in an effort to redefine the disorder. However, according to this conceptualization, only children with an intellectual disability (IQ < 70) would be excluded from the diagnosis. This change in the diagnostic criteria would most likely result in an increase in prevalence of DLDs. This makes the issue of early detection more important than ever. This discussion paper explains that the public health relevance of primary SES is growing and that systematic early detection examinations will play an even more important role. With early diagnosis and treatment, risks in the areas of mental health, behaviour and skill development can be mitigated.

          Currently, diagnosis (and therapy) are usually carried out relatively late. The way out could lie in the application of neurobiological parameters. However, this requires further studies that examine child cohorts for early indicators in a prospective longitudinal design. The formation of an early detection index from several indicators should also be considered.

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          Phase 2 of CATALISE: a multinational and multidisciplinary Delphi consensus study of problems with language development: Terminology

          Background Lack of agreement about criteria and terminology for children's language problems affects access to services as well as hindering research and practice. We report the second phase of a study using an online Delphi method to address these issues. In the first phase, we focused on criteria for language disorder. Here we consider terminology. Methods The Delphi method is an iterative process in which an initial set of statements is rated by a panel of experts, who then have the opportunity to view anonymised ratings from other panel members. On this basis they can either revise their views or make a case for their position. The statements are then revised based on panel feedback, and again rated by and commented on by the panel. In this study, feedback from a second round was used to prepare a final set of statements in narrative form. The panel included 57 individuals representing a range of professions and nationalities. Results We achieved at least 78% agreement for 19 of 21 statements within two rounds of ratings. These were collapsed into 12 statements for the final consensus reported here. The term ‘Language Disorder’ is recommended to refer to a profile of difficulties that causes functional impairment in everyday life and is associated with poor prognosis. The term, ‘Developmental Language Disorder’ (DLD) was endorsed for use when the language disorder was not associated with a known biomedical aetiology. It was also agreed that (a) presence of risk factors (neurobiological or environmental) does not preclude a diagnosis of DLD, (b) DLD can co‐occur with other neurodevelopmental disorders (e.g. ADHD) and (c) DLD does not require a mismatch between verbal and nonverbal ability. Conclusions This Delphi exercise highlights reasons for disagreements about terminology for language disorders and proposes standard definitions and nomenclature.
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            The impact of nonverbal ability on prevalence and clinical presentation of language disorder: evidence from a population study

            Background Diagnosis of ‘specific’ language impairment traditionally required nonverbal IQ to be within normal limits, often resulting in restricted access to clinical services for children with lower NVIQ. Changes to DSM‐5 criteria for language disorder removed this NVIQ requirement. This study sought to delineate the impact of varying NVIQ criteria on prevalence, clinical presentation and functional impact of language disorder in the first UK population study of language impairment at school entry. Methods A population‐based survey design with sample weighting procedures was used to estimate population prevalence. We surveyed state‐maintained reception classrooms (n = 161 or 61% of eligible schools) in Surrey, England. From a total population of 12,398 children (ages 4–5 years), 7,267 (59%) were screened. A stratified subsample (n = 529) received comprehensive assessment of language, NVIQ, social, emotional and behavioural problems, and academic attainment. Results The total population prevalence estimate of language disorder was 9.92% (95% CI 7.38, 13.20). The prevalence of language disorder of unknown origin was estimated to be 7.58% (95% CI 5.33, 10.66), while the prevalence of language impairment associated with intellectual disability and/or existing medical diagnosis was 2.34% (95% CI 1.40, 3.91). Children with language disorder displayed elevated symptoms of social, emotional and behavioural problems relative to peers, F(1, 466) = 7.88, p = .05, and 88% did not make expected academic progress. There were no differences between those with average and low‐average NVIQ scores in severity of language deficit, social, emotional and behavioural problems, or educational attainment. In contrast, children with language impairments associated with known medical diagnosis and/or intellectual disability displayed more severe deficits on multiple measures. Conclusions At school entry, approximately two children in every class of 30 pupils will experience language disorder severe enough to hinder academic progress. Access to specialist clinical services should not depend on NVIQ.
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              Variability in Early Communicative Development

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                ckiese@med.uni-goettingen.de
                Journal
                Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz
                Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz
                Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz
                Springer Berlin Heidelberg (Berlin/Heidelberg )
                1436-9990
                1437-1588
                21 July 2022
                21 July 2022
                2022
                : 65
                : 9
                : 909-916
                Affiliations
                GRID grid.7450.6, ISNI 0000 0001 2364 4210, Phoniatrisch/Pädaudiologische Psychologie, Institut für Medizinische Psychologie und Medizinische Soziologie, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, , Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, ; Waldweg 35, 37075 Göttingen, Deutschland
                Article
                3571
                10.1007/s00103-022-03571-6
                9436846
                35861864
                78597914-98dc-4f78-9ef8-483feb3bbdfb
                © The Author(s) 2022

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                History
                : 11 July 2022
                Funding
                Funded by: Georg-August-Universität Göttingen (1018)
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                © Springer-Verlag GmbH Deutschland, ein Teil von Springer Nature 2022

                sprach- und sprechentwicklungsstörung,umschriebene entwicklungsstörung des sprechens und der sprache,sprachentwicklungsstörung,früherkennung,public health,language and speech development disorder,specific language impairment,developmental language disorder,early detection

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