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      Exploring the Applicability of Pre-Anesthetic Cardiac POCUS in Unexpected Conditions: Could it be Helpful?

      review-article
      , MD 1 ,
      POCUS Journal
      CINQUILL Medical Publishers Inc
      POCUS, FOCUS, risk assessment, perioperative care, Cardiac POCUS

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          Abstract

          Formal preoperative echocardiography has traditionally been recommended when there is substantial cardiovascular disease without recent follow up, unexplained dyspnea, a functional class less than 4 METS or a Duke Activity Status Index less than 34. However, it is important to note that certain patients may present with a variety of cardiac abnormalities due to their preexisting condition or multiple treatments, and these individuals warrant consideration. The objective of pre-anesthetic cardiac POCUS is to provide clinical information in a timely manner. Although it does not aim to replace conventional echocardiography, cardiac POCUS can undoubtedly assist anesthesia practitioners in identifying asymptomatic and potentially hazardous conditions, allowing for more accurate risk allocation and individualized patient care.

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          Recommendations for cardiac chamber quantification by echocardiography in adults: an update from the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging.

          The rapid technological developments of the past decade and the changes in echocardiographic practice brought about by these developments have resulted in the need for updated recommendations to the previously published guidelines for cardiac chamber quantification, which was the goal of the joint writing group assembled by the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging. This document provides updated normal values for all four cardiac chambers, including three-dimensional echocardiography and myocardial deformation, when possible, on the basis of considerably larger numbers of normal subjects, compiled from multiple databases. In addition, this document attempts to eliminate several minor discrepancies that existed between previously published guidelines.
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            Cancer statistics, 2023

            Each year, the American Cancer Society estimates the numbers of new cancer cases and deaths in the United States and compiles the most recent data on population-based cancer occurrence and outcomes using incidence data collected by central cancer registries and mortality data collected by the National Center for Health Statistics. In 2023, 1,958,310 new cancer cases and 609,820 cancer deaths are projected to occur in the United States. Cancer incidence increased for prostate cancer by 3% annually from 2014 through 2019 after two decades of decline, translating to an additional 99,000 new cases; otherwise, however, incidence trends were more favorable in men compared to women. For example, lung cancer in women decreased at one half the pace of men (1.1% vs. 2.6% annually) from 2015 through 2019, and breast and uterine corpus cancers continued to increase, as did liver cancer and melanoma, both of which stabilized in men aged 50 years and older and declined in younger men. However, a 65% drop in cervical cancer incidence during 2012 through 2019 among women in their early 20s, the first cohort to receive the human papillomavirus vaccine, foreshadows steep reductions in the burden of human papillomavirus-associated cancers, the majority of which occur in women. Despite the pandemic, and in contrast with other leading causes of death, the cancer death rate continued to decline from 2019 to 2020 (by 1.5%), contributing to a 33% overall reduction since 1991 and an estimated 3.8 million deaths averted. This progress increasingly reflects advances in treatment, which are particularly evident in the rapid declines in mortality (approximately 2% annually during 2016 through 2020) for leukemia, melanoma, and kidney cancer, despite stable/increasing incidence, and accelerated declines for lung cancer. In summary, although cancer mortality rates continue to decline, future progress may be attenuated by rising incidence for breast, prostate, and uterine corpus cancers, which also happen to have the largest racial disparities in mortality.
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              Cellular Senescence: Aging, Cancer, and Injury

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                POCUS J
                POCUS J
                CINQUILL Medical Publishers Inc.
                POCUS Journal
                CINQUILL Medical Publishers Inc
                2369-8543
                2369-8543
                2023
                27 November 2023
                : 8
                : 2
                : 237-242
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Universidad de Cartagena, Universidad de Antioquia Cartagena Colombia
                Article
                10.24908/pocus.v8i2.16519
                10721308
                38099178
                79b82f8e-9961-4cb3-98e3-131c037e3995
                Copyright (c) 2023 Rodolfo Sabogal

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                Categories
                Medicine

                pocus,focus,risk assessment,perioperative care,cardiac pocus

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