Impact of Folate Intake on Prostate Cancer Recurrence Following Definitive Therapy: Data from CaPSURE™

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Abstract

A randomized, placebo controlled clinical trial of folic acid supplementation for the chemoprevention of colorectal adenoma revealed an increased incidence of prostate cancer in the treatment group. Limited data exist on postdiagnostic folate/folic acid intake and the risk of prostate cancer progression. We prospectively examined the association between postdiagnostic folate consumption and the risk of prostate cancer recurrence after radical prostatectomy, external beam radiation therapy and brachytherapy.

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The fundamental role of epigenetic events in cancer

Peter A. Jones, Stephen Baylin (2002)

Patterns of DNA methylation and chromatin structure are profoundly altered in neoplasia and include genome-wide losses of, and regional gains in, DNA methylation. The recent explosion in our knowledge of how chromatin organization modulates gene transcription has further highlighted the importance of epigenetic mechanisms in the initiation and progression of human cancer. These epigenetic changes -- in particular, aberrant promoter hypermethylation that is associated with inappropriate gene silencing -- affect virtually every step in tumour progression. In this review, we discuss these epigenetic events and the molecular alterations that might cause them and/or underlie altered gene expression in cancer.

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Reproducibility and validity of an expanded self-administered semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire among male health professionals.

Jonathan W. Willett, Edward L. Giovannucci, E Rimm … (1992)

The authors assessed the reproducibility and validity of an expanded 131-item semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire used in a prospective study among 51,529 men. The form was administered by mail twice to a sample of 127 participants at a one-year interval. During this interval, men completed two one-week diet records spaced approximately 6 months apart. Mean values for intake of most nutrients assessed by the two methods were similar. Intraclass correlation coefficients for nutrient intakes assessed by questionnaires one year apart ranged from 0.47 for vitamin E without supplements to 0.80 for vitamin C with supplements. Correlation coefficients between the energy-adjusted nutrient intakes measured by diet records and the second questionnaire (which asked about diet during the year encompassing the diet records) ranged from 0.28 for iron without supplements to 0.86 for vitamin C with supplements (mean r = 0.59). These correlations were higher after adjusting for week-to-week variation in diet record intakes (mean r = 0.65). These data indicate that the expanded semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire is reproducible and provides a useful measure of intake for many nutrients over a one-year period.

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Folic acid for the prevention of colorectal adenomas: a randomized clinical trial.

Bernard F Cole, John A. Baron, Robert Sandler … (2007)

Laboratory and epidemiological data suggest that folic acid may have an antineoplastic effect in the large intestine. To assess the safety and efficacy of folic acid supplementation for preventing colorectal adenomas. A double-blind, placebo-controlled, 2-factor, phase 3, randomized clinical trial conducted at 9 clinical centers between July 6, 1994, and October 1, 2004. Participants included 1021 men and women with a recent history of colorectal adenomas and no previous invasive large intestine carcinoma. Participants were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive 1 mg/d of folic acid (n = 516) or placebo (n = 505), and were separately randomized to receive aspirin (81 or 325 mg/d) or placebo. Follow-up consisted of 2 colonoscopic surveillance cycles (the first interval was at 3 years and the second at 3 or 5 years later). The primary outcome measure was occurrence of at least 1 colorectal adenoma. Secondary outcomes were the occurrence of advanced lesions (> or =25% villous features, high-grade dysplasia, size > or =1 cm, or invasive cancer) and adenoma multiplicity (0, 1-2, or > or =3 adenomas). During the first 3 years, 987 participants (96.7%) underwent colonoscopic follow-up, and the incidence of at least 1 colorectal adenoma was 44.1% for folic acid (n = 221) and 42.4% for placebo (n = 206) (unadjusted risk ratio [RR], 1.04; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.90-1.20; P = .58). Incidence of at least 1 advanced lesion was 11.4% for folic acid (n = 57) and 8.6% for placebo (n = 42) (unadjusted RR, 1.32; 95% CI, 0.90-1.92; P = .15). A total of 607 participants (59.5%) underwent a second follow-up, and the incidence of at least 1 colorectal adenoma was 41.9% for folic acid (n = 127) and 37.2% for placebo (n = 113) (unadjusted RR, 1.13; 95% CI, 0.93-1.37; P = .23); and incidence of at least 1 advanced lesion was 11.6% for folic acid (n = 35) and 6.9% for placebo (n = 21) (unadjusted RR, 1.67; 95% CI, 1.00-2.80; P = .05). Folic acid was associated with higher risks of having 3 or more adenomas and of noncolorectal cancers. There was no significant effect modification by sex, age, smoking, alcohol use, body mass index, baseline plasma folate, or aspirin allocation. Folic acid at 1 mg/d does not reduce colorectal adenoma risk. Further research is needed to investigate the possibility that folic acid supplementation might increase the risk of colorectal neoplasia. clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00272324.

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Author and article information

Journal

Title: Journal of Urology

Abbreviated Title: Journal of Urology

Publisher: Elsevier BV

ISSN (Print): 0022-5347

ISSN (Electronic): 1527-3792

Publication date Created: April 2014

Publication date (Print): April 2014

Volume: 191

Issue: 4

Pages: 971-976

Affiliations

[1 ]Division of Urologic Oncology, Department of Surgical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

[2 ]Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California

[3 ]Department of Urology, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California

[4 ]Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

Article

DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2013.09.065

PMC ID: 5480381

PubMed ID: 24095905

SO-VID: 79fe8a4e-5074-4ca4-bc96-19453a1581ea

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https://www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/

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Impact of Folate Intake on Prostate Cancer Recurrence Following Definitive Therapy: Data from CaPSURE™

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Most cited references 27

The fundamental role of epigenetic events in cancer

Reproducibility and validity of an expanded self-administered semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire among male health professionals.

Folic acid for the prevention of colorectal adenomas: a randomized clinical trial.

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