The evolutionary history of Neanderthal and Denisovan Y chromosomes.

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Abstract

Ancient DNA has provided new insights into many aspects of human history. However, we lack comprehensive studies of the Y chromosomes of Denisovans and Neanderthals because the majority of specimens that have been sequenced to sufficient coverage are female. Sequencing Y chromosomes from two Denisovans and three Neanderthals shows that the Y chromosomes of Denisovans split around 700 thousand years ago from a lineage shared by Neanderthals and modern human Y chromosomes, which diverged from each other around 370 thousand years ago. The phylogenetic relationships of archaic and modern human Y chromosomes differ from the population relationships inferred from the autosomal genomes and mirror mitochondrial DNA phylogenies, indicating replacement of both the mitochondrial and Y chromosomal gene pools in late Neanderthals. This replacement is plausible if the low effective population size of Neanderthals resulted in an increased genetic load in Neanderthals relative to modern humans.

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Journal

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Science

Title: Science (New York, N.Y.)

Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

ISSN (Electronic): 1095-9203

ISSN (Print): 0036-8075

Publication date (Electronic): September 25 2020

Volume: 369

Issue: 6511

Affiliations

[1 ] Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany. mp@bodkan.net kelso@eva.mpg.de.

[2 ] Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany.

[3 ] The Francis Crick Institute, NW1 1AT London, UK.

[4 ] Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences, IVPP, CAS, Beijing 100044, China.

[5 ] CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Beijing 100044, China.

[6 ] University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.

[7 ] Department of Anthropology, California State University, Northridge, Northridge, CA 91330-8244, USA.

[8 ] Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, UMR 5199-PACEA, 33615 Pessac Cedex, France.

[9 ] Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, 1000 Brussels, Belgium.

[10 ] ANO Laboratory of Prehistory 14 Linia 3-11, St. Petersburg 1990 34, Russia.

[11 ] Institute of Evolutionary Biology, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.

[12 ] Área de Prehistoria, Departamento de Historia, Universidad de Oviedo, 33011 Oviedo, Spain.

[13 ] Departamento de Paleobiología, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28006 Madrid, Spain.

[14 ] Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.

Article

Publisher Item ID: 369/6511/1653

DOI: 10.1126/science.abb6460

PubMed ID: 32973032

SO-VID: 7babb446-90bc-4c5a-88de-7afbcd6abcc9

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