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      The Impact of Egg Nutrient Composition and Its Consumption on Cholesterol Homeostasis

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      Author(s): 1 , 2 , 1 , 1 , 1 ,
      Publication date (Electronic):
      Journal: Cholesterol
      Publisher: Hindawi

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          Abstract

          Nutrient deficiencies and excess are involved in many aspects of human health. As a source of essential nutrients, eggs have been used worldwide to support the nutritional needs of human societies. On the other hand, eggs also contain a significant amount of cholesterol, a lipid molecule that has been associated with the development of cardiovascular diseases. Whether the increase of egg consumption will lead to elevated cholesterol absorption and disruption of cholesterol homeostasis has been a concern of debate for a while. Cholesterol homeostasis is regulated through its dietary intake, endogenous biosynthesis, utilization, and excretion. Recently, some research interests have been paid to the effects of egg consumption on cholesterol homeostasis through the intestinal cholesterol absorption. Nutrient components in eggs such as phospholipids may contribute to this process. The goals of this review are to summarize the recent progress in this area and to discuss some potential benefits of egg consumption.

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          Role of oxidized low density lipoprotein in atherogenesis.

          J Witztum, D. Steinberg (1991)
          Evidence to support an important role of oxidative modification in mediating the atherogenicity of LDL continues to grow. New hypotheses suggest mechanisms by which Ox-LDL or products of Ox-LDL can affect many components of the atherogenic process, including vasomotor properties and thrombosis, as well as lesion initiation and progression itself. These ideas suggest new approaches, that in combination with lowering of plasma cholesterol, could lead to the prevention of atherosclerosis and its complications.
          Article 0 comments Cited 233 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Choline: critical role during fetal development and dietary requirements in adults.

            S Zeisel (2005)
            Choline is an essential nutrient needed for the structural integrity and signaling functions of cell membranes; for normal cholinergic neurotransmission; for normal muscle function; for lipid transport from liver; and it is the major source of methyl groups in the diet. Choline is critical during fetal development, when it influences stem cell proliferation and apoptosis, thereby altering brain and spinal cord structure and function and influencing risk for neural tube defects and lifelong memory function. Choline is derived not only from the diet, but from de novo synthesis as well. Though many foods contain choline, there is at least a twofold variation in dietary intake in humans. When deprived of dietary choline, most men and postmenopausal women developed signs of organ dysfunction (fatty liver or muscle damage), while less than half of premenopausal women developed such signs. Aside from gender differences, there is significant variation in the dietary requirement for choline that can be explained by very common genetic polymorphisms.
            Article 0 comments Cited 167 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              Increase in Plasma Endotoxin Concentrations and the Expression of Toll-Like Receptors and Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling-3 in Mononuclear Cells After a High-Fat, High-Carbohydrate Meal

              Husam Ghanim, Sanaa Abuaysheh, Ching Ling Sia … (2009)
              OBJECTIVE To compare the effect of a high-fat, high-carbohydrate meal (HFHC) with that of a high-fiber and fruit meal on the concentrations of endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide [LPS]), LPS-binding protein (LBP), the expression of toll-like receptors (TLRs), and the suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 (SOCS-3) in mononuclear cells. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Healthy lean subjects were given 910 calories of either an HFHC meal (n = 10) or an American Heart Association (AHA)-recommended meal rich in fiber and fruit (n = 10) after an overnight fast. Blood was collected before and at 1, 2, and 3 h after the meal. Cellular indexes of oxidative and inflammatory stress; the expression of SOCS-3, TLR2, and TLR4 in mononuclear cells; and plasma concentrations of LPS and LBP were measured. RESULTS HFHC meal intake induced an increase in plasma LPS concentration and the expression of SOCS-3, TLR2, and TLR4 protein, reactive oxygen species generation, and nuclear factor-κB binding activity (P < 0.05 for all). These increases were totally absent after the AHA meal rich in fiber and fruit. CONCLUSIONS The novel changes described after the HFHC meal elucidate further the mechanisms underlying postprandial inflammation and also provide the first evidence explaining the pathogenesis of insulin and leptin resistance mediated by SOCS-3 after such meals. In contrast, an AHA meal does not induce these effects.
              Article 0 comments Cited 160 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Guoxun Chen:
                ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6226-4050
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Cholesterol
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Cholesterol
                Journal ID (publisher-id): CHOLESTEROL
                Title: Cholesterol
                Publisher: Hindawi
                ISSN (Print): 2090-1283
                ISSN (Electronic): 2090-1291
                Publication date Collection: 2018
                Publication date (Electronic): 23 August 2018
                Volume: 2018
                Electronic Location Identifier: 6303810
                Affiliations
                1Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee at Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
                2School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
                Author notes

                Academic Editor: Vassilios Papadopoulos

                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6226-4050
                Article
                DOI: 10.1155/2018/6303810
                PMC ID: 6126094
                PubMed ID: 30210871
                SO-VID: 7bbf107d-6c19-40ca-b03c-e13c4ab47f0e
                Copyright © Copyright © 2018 Heqian Kuang et al.
                License:

                This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 7 June 2018
                Date accepted : 8 August 2018
                Funding
                Funded by: University of Tennessee
                Categories
                Subject: Review Article

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Cardiovascular Medicine
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Cardiovascular Medicine

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