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      Bidirectional degeneration in the visual pathway in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD)

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          Abstract

          Objective:

          This study aims to investigate whether bidirectional degeneration occurs within the visual pathway and, if so, the extent of such changes in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD).

          Methods:

          In total, 36 NMOSD and 24 healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled. Three-dimensional T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and diffusion tensor imaging were used to analyze damage to the posterior visual pathway. Damage to the anterior visual pathway was measured by optical coherence tomography.

          Results:

          In total, 24 NMOSD with prior optic neuritis (NMOON) patients showed significant reduction of peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer, inner and outer retinal thickness, lateral geniculate nucleus volume, primary visual cortex volume, and decreased integrity of optic radiations, compared with 12 NMOSD without prior optic neuritis (NMONON) patients and 24 HCs. In NMONON, only the inner retinal thickness and the integrity of optic radiations were significantly reduced in comparison with HCs. Moreover, patients with optic neuritis showed severe bidirectional degeneration, the loss of the RNFL was greater than the atrophy of V1.

          Conclusion:

          Our study indicated the presence of trans-synaptic degeneration in NMOSD. Damage to the inner retina and optic radiations can be observed even in NMONON. After an episode of optic neuritis, the anterior visual pathway damage is greater than the posterior visual pathway damage.

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          Neuromyelitis optica and multiple sclerosis: Seeing differences through optical coherence tomography

          JL Bennett, J De Seze, M Lana-Peixoto … (2015)
          Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is an inflammatory autoimmune disease of the central nervous system that preferentially targets the optic nerves and spinal cord. The clinical presentation may suggest multiple sclerosis (MS), but a highly specific serum autoantibody against the astrocytic water channel aquaporin-4 present in up to 80% of NMO patients enables distinction from MS. Optic neuritis may occur in either condition resulting in neuro-anatomical retinal changes. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has become a useful tool for analyzing retinal damage both in MS and NMO. Numerous studies showed that optic neuritis in NMO typically results in more severe retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and ganglion cell layer thinning and more frequent development of microcystic macular edema than in MS. Furthermore, while patients’ RNFL thinning also occurs in the absence of optic neuritis in MS, subclinical damage seems to be rare in NMO. Thus, OCT might be useful in differentiating NMO from MS and serve as an outcome parameter in clinical studies.
          Article 0 comments Cited 93 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Trans-synaptic axonal degeneration in the visual pathway in multiple sclerosis.

            Iñigo Gabilondo, H. Martinez, Sara Llufriu … (2013)
            To evaluate the association between the damage to the anterior and posterior visual pathway as evidence of the presence of retrograde and anterograde trans-synaptic degeneration in multiple sclerosis (MS). We performed a longitudinal evaluation on a cohort of 100 patients with MS, acquiring retinal optical coherence tomography to measure anterior visual pathway damage (peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer [RNFL] thickness and macular volume) and 3T brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for posterior visual pathway damage (volumetry and spectroscopy of visual cortex, lesion volume within optic radiations) at inclusion and after 1 year. Freesurfer and SPM8 software was used for MRI analysis. We evaluated the relationships between the damage in the anterior and posterior visual pathway by voxel-based morphometry (VBM), multiple linear regressions, and general linear models. VBM analysis showed that RNFL thinning was specifically associated with atrophy of the visual cortex and with lesions in optic radiations at study inclusion (p < 0.05). Visual cortex volume (β = +0.601, 95% confidence interval [CI] = +0.04 to +1.16), N-acetyl aspartate in visual cortex (β = +1.075, 95% CI = +0.190 to +1.961), and lesion volume within optic radiations (β = -2.551, 95% CI = -3.910 to -1.192) significantly influenced average RNFL thinning at study inclusion independently of other confounders, especially optic neuritis (ON). The model indicates that a decrease of 1cm(3) in visual cortex volume predicts a reduction of 0.6μm in RNFL thickness. This association was also observed after 1 year of follow-up. Patients with severe prior ON (adjusted difference = -3.01, 95% CI = -5.08 to -0.95) and mild prior ON (adjusted difference = -1.03, 95% CI = -3.02 to +0.95) had a lower adjusted mean visual cortex volume than patients without ON. Our results suggest the presence of trans-synaptic degeneration as a contributor to chronic axon damage in MS. © 2014 Child Neurology Society/American Neurological Association.
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              Bidirectional trans-synaptic axonal degeneration in the visual pathway in multiple sclerosis.

              L Balk, M Steenwijk, P Tewarie … (2015)
              To investigate the coexistence of anterograde and retrograde trans-synaptic axonal degeneration, and to explore the relationship between selective visual pathway damage and global brain involvement in longstanding multiple sclerosis (MS).
              Article 0 comments Cited 46 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Title: Multiple Sclerosis Journal
                Abbreviated Title: Mult Scler
                Publisher: SAGE Publications
                ISSN (Print): 1352-4585
                ISSN (Electronic): 1477-0970
                Publication date Created: October 2018
                Publication date (Electronic): August 21 2017
                Publication date (Print): October 2018
                Volume: 24
                Issue: 12
                Pages: 1585-1593
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
                [2 ]Department of Radiology, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
                [3 ]Department of Neurology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
                [4 ]Department of Neurology, Tianjin Forth Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
                [5 ]Department of Radiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
                [6 ]Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China/Department of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA
                Article
                DOI: 10.1177/1352458517727604
                PubMed ID: 28823217
                SO-VID: 7d47a905-c5a2-426d-8b80-5c040c423a35
                Copyright © © 2018
                License:

                http://journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license

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