Virgin Olive Oil and Health: Summary of the III International Conference on Virgin Olive Oil and Health Consensus Report, JAEN (Spain) 2018

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Abstract

The Mediterranean diet is considered as the foremost dietary regimen and its adoption is associated with the prevention of degenerative diseases and an extended longevity. The preeminent features of the Mediterranean diet have been agreed upon and the consumption of olive oil stands out as the most peculiar one. Indeed, the use of olive oil as the nearly exclusive dietary fat is what mostly characterizes the Mediterranean area. Plenty of epidemiological studies have correlated that the consumption of olive oil was associated with better overall health. Indeed, extra virgin olive oil contains (poly)phenolic compounds that are being actively investigated for their purported biological and pharma-nutritional properties. On 18 and 19 May 2018, several experts convened in Jaen (Spain) to discuss the most recent research on the benefits of olive oil and its components. We reported a summary of that meeting (reviewing several topics related to olive oil, not limited to health) and concluded that substantial evidence is accruing to support the widespread opinion that extra virgin olive oil should, indeed, be the fat of choice when it comes to human health and sustainable agronomy.

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Most cited references 164

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A comparative risk assessment of burden of disease and injury attributable to 67 risk factors and risk factor clusters in 21 regions, 1990–2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010

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Cellular senescence, a process that imposes permanent proliferative arrest on cells in response to various stressors, has emerged as a potentially important contributor to aging and age-related disease, and it is an attractive target for therapeutic exploitation. A wealth of information about senescence in cultured cells has been acquired over the past half century; however, senescence in living organisms is poorly understood, largely because of technical limitations relating to the identification and characterization of senescent cells in tissues and organs. Furthermore, newly recognized beneficial signaling functions of senescence suggest that indiscriminately targeting senescent cells or modulating their secretome for anti-aging therapy may have negative consequences. Here we discuss current progress and challenges in understanding the stressors that induce senescence in vivo, the cell types that are prone to senesce, and the autocrine and paracrine properties of senescent cells in the contexts of aging and age-related diseases as well as disease therapy.

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Pesticide Exposure, Safety Issues, and Risk Assessment Indicators

Christos A. Damalas, Ilias Eleftherohorinos (2011)

Pesticides are widely used in agricultural production to prevent or control pests, diseases, weeds, and other plant pathogens in an effort to reduce or eliminate yield losses and maintain high product quality. Although pesticides are developed through very strict regulation processes to function with reasonable certainty and minimal impact on human health and the environment, serious concerns have been raised about health risks resulting from occupational exposure and from residues in food and drinking water. Occupational exposure to pesticides often occurs in the case of agricultural workers in open fields and greenhouses, workers in the pesticide industry, and exterminators of house pests. Exposure of the general population to pesticides occurs primarily through eating food and drinking water contaminated with pesticide residues, whereas substantial exposure can also occur in or around the home. Regarding the adverse effects on the environment (water, soil and air contamination from leaching, runoff, and spray drift, as well as the detrimental effects on wildlife, fish, plants, and other non-target organisms), many of these effects depend on the toxicity of the pesticide, the measures taken during its application, the dosage applied, the adsorption on soil colloids, the weather conditions prevailing after application, and how long the pesticide persists in the environment. Therefore, the risk assessment of the impact of pesticides either on human health or on the environment is not an easy and particularly accurate process because of differences in the periods and levels of exposure, the types of pesticides used (regarding toxicity and persistence), and the environmental characteristics of the areas where pesticides are usually applied. Also, the number of the criteria used and the method of their implementation to assess the adverse effects of pesticides on human health could affect risk assessment and would possibly affect the characterization of the already approved pesticides and the approval of the new compounds in the near future. Thus, new tools or techniques with greater reliability than those already existing are needed to predict the potential hazards of pesticides and thus contribute to reduction of the adverse effects on human health and the environment. On the other hand, the implementation of alternative cropping systems that are less dependent on pesticides, the development of new pesticides with novel modes of action and improved safety profiles, and the improvement of the already used pesticide formulations towards safer formulations (e.g., microcapsule suspensions) could reduce the adverse effects of farming and particularly the toxic effects of pesticides. In addition, the use of appropriate and well-maintained spraying equipment along with taking all precautions that are required in all stages of pesticide handling could minimize human exposure to pesticides and their potential adverse effects on the environment.

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Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Nutrients

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Nutrients

Journal ID (publisher-id): nutrients

Title: Nutrients

Publisher: MDPI

ISSN (Electronic): 2072-6643

Publication date (Electronic): 01 September 2019

Publication date Collection: September 2019

Volume: 11

Issue: 9

Electronic Location Identifier: 2039

Affiliations

[1 ]Center for Advanced Studies in Olive Grove and Olive Oils, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaén, Spain

[2 ]Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain

[3 ]Agri-Food Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), 14071 Córdoba, Spain

[4 ]CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBER-ESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain

[5 ]Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy

[6 ]Laboratory of Functional Foods, Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA)-Alimentación, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain

[7 ]Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, 41012 Sevilla, Spain

[8 ]Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group (CARIN), Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain

[9 ]CIBER Obesity and Nutrition (CIBER-OBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain

[10 ]Department of Legal Medicine and Toxicology, University of Granada School of Medicine, 18016 Granada, Spain

[11 ]Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Biomedical Research Centre, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain

[12 ]Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health-IdiSNA, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain

[13 ]Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA

[14 ]ProCURE (Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance), Metabolism and Cancer Group, Catalan Institute of Oncology, 17007 Girona, Spain

[15 ]Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), 17190 Girona, Spain

[16 ]Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Cellular Biology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain

[17 ]Centre for Exercise, Nutrition and Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TZ, UK

[18 ]Departamento de Enfermería, Fisioterapia y Medicina, Universidad de Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain

[19 ]Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de la República, 12900 Montevideo, Uruguay

[20 ]Institute for Evidence in Medicine, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany

[21 ]Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece

Author notes

[* ]Correspondence: jgaforio@ 123456ujaen.es ; Tel.: +34-953-212-002

Author information

José J. Gaforio https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2996-9301

Francesco Visioli https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1756-1723

Olga Castañer https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3169-997X

Jesús R. Huertas https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7446-0857

Miguel A. Martínez-González https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3917-9808

Javier A. Menendez https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8733-4561

Jesús de la Osada https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8251-8457

Angeliki Papadaki https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5728-3975

Cristina Sánchez-Quesada https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2997-8515

Estefanía Toledo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6263-4434

Article

Publisher ID: nutrients-11-02039

DOI: 10.3390/nu11092039

PMC ID: 6770785

PubMed ID: 31480506

SO-VID: 7dd527ff-b9bd-4b9f-89a5-68e834c329bf

License:

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

Virgin Olive Oil and Health: Summary of the III International Conference on Virgin Olive Oil and Health Consensus Report, JAEN (Spain) 2018

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Most cited references 164

A comparative risk assessment of burden of disease and injury attributable to 67 risk factors and risk factor clusters in 21 regions, 1990–2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010

Cellular senescence in aging and age-related disease: from mechanisms to therapy.

Pesticide Exposure, Safety Issues, and Risk Assessment Indicators

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