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      Enhancement of biogas production from individually or co-digested green algae Cheatomorpha linum using ultrasound and ozonation treated biochar

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          Highlights

          • •

            Biogas production using Cheatomorpha linum individually or co-digested with S. Parkle.

          • •

            Significance enhancement of biogas production using sonicated and ozonated biochar as an additive.

          • •

            The biochar dosage was crucial and different from one treatment to another.

          • •

            Mechanism of the ultrasound and ozonation effects on biogas production has been reported.

          Abstract

          This paper proposes the use of modified biochar, derived from Sawdust (SD) biomass using sonication (SSDB) and Ozonation (OSDB) processes, as an additive for biogas production from green algae Cheatomorpha linum ( C. linum) either individually or co-digested with natural diet for rotifer culture ( S. parkel). Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR), thermal-gravimetric (TGA), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses were used to characterize the generated biochar. Ultrasound (US) specific energy, dose, intensity and dissolved ozone (O 3) concentration were also calculated. FTIR analyses proved the capability of US and ozonation treatment of biochar to enhance the biogas production process. The kinetic model proposed fits successfully with the data of the experimental work and the modified Gompertz models that had the maximum R 2 value of 0.993 for 150 mg/L of OSDB. The results of this work confirmed the significant impact of US and ozonation processes on the use of biochar as an additive in biogas production. The highest biogas outputs 1059 mL/g VS and 1054 mL/g VS) were achieved when 50 mg of SSDB and 150 mg of OSDB were added to C. linum co-digested with S. parkle.

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          Inhibition of anaerobic digestion process: a review.

          Ye Chen, Jay J. Cheng, Kurt S Creamer (2008)
          Anaerobic digestion is an attractive waste treatment practice in which both pollution control and energy recovery can be achieved. Many agricultural and industrial wastes are ideal candidates for anaerobic digestion because they contain high levels of easily biodegradable materials. Problems such as low methane yield and process instability are often encountered in anaerobic digestion, preventing this technique from being widely applied. A wide variety of inhibitory substances are the primary cause of anaerobic digester upset or failure since they are present in substantial concentrations in wastes. Considerable research efforts have been made to identify the mechanism and the controlling factors of inhibition. This review provides a detailed summary of the research conducted on the inhibition of anaerobic processes. The inhibitors commonly present in anaerobic digesters include ammonia, sulfide, light metal ions, heavy metals, and organics. Due to the difference in anaerobic inocula, waste composition, and experimental methods and conditions, literature results on inhibition caused by specific toxicants vary widely. Co-digestion with other waste, adaptation of microorganisms to inhibitory substances, and incorporation of methods to remove or counteract toxicants before anaerobic digestion can significantly improve the waste treatment efficiency.
          Article 0 comments Cited 560 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Characterization of slow pyrolysis biochars: effects of feedstocks and pyrolysis temperature on biochar properties.

            Stefanie Kloss, Franz Zehetner, Alex Dellantonio … (2012)
            Biochars are increasingly used as soil amendment and for C sequestration in soils. The influence of feedstock differences and pyrolysis temperature on biochar characteristics has been widely studied. However, there is a lack of knowledge about the formation of potentially toxic compounds that remain in the biochars after pyrolysis. We investigated biochars from three feedstocks (wheat straw, poplar wood, and spruce wood) that were slowly pyrolyzed at 400, 460, and 525°C for 5 h (straw) and 10 h (woodchips), respectively. We characterized the biochars' pH, electrical conductivity, elemental composition (by dry combustion and X-ray fluorescence), surface area (by N adsorption), water-extractable major elements, and cation exchange capacity (CEC). We further conducted differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffractometry to obtain information on the biochars' molecular characteristics and mineralogical composition. We investigated trace metal content, total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) content, and PAH composition in the biochars. The highest salt (4.92 mS cm) and ash (12.7%) contents were found in straw-derived biochars. The H/C ratios of biochars with highest treatment temperature (HTT) 525°C were 0.46 to 0.40. Surface areas were low but increased (1.8-56 m g) with increasing HTT, whereas CEC decreased (162-52 mmol kg) with increasing HTT. The results of DSC and FTIR suggested a loss of labile, aliphatic compounds during pyrolysis and the formation of more recalcitrant, aromatic constituents. X-ray diffractometry patterns indicated a mineralogical restructuring of biochars with increasing HTT. Water-extractable major and trace elements varied considerably with feedstock composition, with trace elements also affected by HTT. Total PAH contents (sum of EPA 16 PAHs) were highly variable with values up to 33.7 mg kg; irrespective of feedstock type, the composition of PAHs showed increasing dominance of naphthalene with increasing HTT. The results demonstrate that biochars are highly heterogeneous materials that, depending on feedstock and HTT, may be suitable for soil application by contributing to the nutrient status and adding recalcitrant C to the soil but also potentially pose ecotoxicological challenges. Copyright © by the American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America, Inc.
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              Optimisation of the anaerobic digestion of agricultural resources.

              Alastair J Ward, Phil J Hobbs, Peter J Holliman … (2008)
              It is in the interest of operators of anaerobic digestion plants to maximise methane production whilst concomitantly reducing the chemical oxygen demand of the digested material. Although the production of biogas through anaerobic digestion is not a new idea, commercial anaerobic digestion processes are often operated at well below their optimal performance due to a variety of factors. This paper reviews current optimisation techniques associated with anaerobic digestion and suggests possible areas where improvements could be made, including the basic design considerations of a single or multi-stage reactor configuration, the type, power and duration of the mixing regime and the retention of active microbial biomass within the reactor. Optimisation of environmental conditions within the digester such as temperature, pH, buffering capacity and fatty acid concentrations is also discussed. The methane-producing potential of various agriculturally sourced feedstocks has been examined, as has the advantages of co-digestion to improve carbon-to-nitrogen ratios and the use of pre-treatments and additives to improve hydrolysis rates or supplement essential nutrients which may be limiting. However, perhaps the greatest shortfall in biogas production is the lack of reliable sensory equipment to monitor key parameters and suitable, parallelised control systems to ensure that the process continually operates at optimal performance. Modern techniques such as software sensors and powerful, flexible controllers are capable of solving these problems. A direct comparison can be made here with, for instance, oil refineries where a more mature technology uses continuous in situ monitoring and associated feedback procedures to routinely deliver continuous, optimal performance.
              Article 0 comments Cited 162 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Ahmed El Nemr
                Mohamed Aly Hassaan
                Luigi Tedone
                Guisepe De Mastro
                Antonio Pantaleo
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Ultrason Sonochem
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Ultrason Sonochem
                Title: Ultrasonics Sonochemistry
                Publisher: Elsevier
                ISSN (Print): 1350-4177
                ISSN (Electronic): 1873-2828
                Publication date PMC-release: 11 October 2022
                Publication date Collection: November 2022
                Publication date (Electronic): 11 October 2022
                Volume: 90
                Electronic Location Identifier: 106197
                Affiliations
                [a ]National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Marine Pollution Department, Environment Division, Alexandria 21556, Egypt
                [b ]Advanced Technology and New Materials Research Institute, City for Scientific Research and Technological Applications, Alexandria 21934, Egypt
                [c ]Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
                [d ]Bari University, Department of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Bari 70121, Italy
                Author notes
                Article
                Publisher Item ID: S1350-4177(22)00293-0 Publisher ID: 106197
                DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2022.106197
                PMC ID: 9568882
                PubMed ID: 36242791
                SO-VID: 7ff1b89f-e53f-4842-b975-77b5e41ecfac
                Copyright © © 2022 The Author(s)
                License:

                This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

                History
                Date received : 5 August 2022
                Date revision received : 29 September 2022
                Date accepted : 9 October 2022
                Categories
                Subject: Short Communication

                Keywords: biogas,anaerobic digestion,macroalgae,sawdust biochar,sonication,ozonation
                Data availability:
                Keywords: biogas, anaerobic digestion, macroalgae, sawdust biochar, sonication, ozonation

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