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      Dynamic MRI for articulating joint evaluation on 1.5 T and 3.0 T scanners: setup, protocols, and real-time sequences

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          Abstract

          Dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a non-invasive method that can be used to increase the understanding of the pathomechanics of joints. Various types of real-time gradient echo sequences used for dynamic MRI acquisition of joints include balanced steady-state free precession sequence, radiofrequency-spoiled sequence, and ultra-fast gradient echo sequence. Due to their short repetition time and echo time, these sequences provide high temporal resolution, a good signal-to-noise ratio and spatial resolution, and soft tissue contrast. The prerequisites of the evaluation of joints with dynamic MRI include suitable patient installation and optimal positioning of the joint in the coil to allow joint movement, sometimes with dedicated coil support. There are currently few recommendations in the literature regarding appropriate protocol, sequence standardizations, and diagnostic criteria for the use of real-time dynamic MRI to evaluate joints. This article summarizes the technical parameters of these sequences from various manufacturers on 1.5 T and 3.0 T MRI scanners. We have reviewed pertinent details of the patient and coil positioning for dynamic MRI of various joints. The indications and limitations of dynamic MRI of joints are discussed.

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          Motion artifacts in MRI: A complex problem with many partial solutions.

          Maxim Zaitsev, Julian Maclaren, Michael Herbst (2015)
          Subject motion during magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been problematic since its introduction as a clinical imaging modality. While sensitivity to particle motion or blood flow can be used to provide useful image contrast, bulk motion presents a considerable problem in the majority of clinical applications. It is one of the most frequent sources of artifacts. Over 30 years of research have produced numerous methods to mitigate or correct for motion artifacts, but no single method can be applied in all imaging situations. Instead, a "toolbox" of methods exists, where each tool is suitable for some tasks, but not for others. This article reviews the origins of motion artifacts and presents current mitigation and correction methods. In some imaging situations, the currently available motion correction tools are highly effective; in other cases, appropriate tools still need to be developed. It seems likely that this multifaceted approach will be what eventually solves the motion sensitivity problem in MRI, rather than a single solution that is effective in all situations. This review places a strong emphasis on explaining the physics behind the occurrence of such artifacts, with the aim of aiding artifact detection and mitigation in particular clinical situations.
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            Abnormal rotational knee motion during running after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

            Kyle Anderson, David Collon, Scott Tashman … (2004)
            The effectiveness of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction for restoring normal knee kinematics is largely unknown, particularly during sports movements generating large, rapidly applied forces. Under dynamic in vivo loading, significant differences in 3-dimensional kinematics exist between anterior cruciate ligament-reconstructed knees and the contralateral, uninjured knees. Prospective, in vivo laboratory study. Kinematics of anterior cruciate ligament-reconstructed and contralateral (uninjured) knees were evaluated for 6 subjects during downhill running 4 to 12 months after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, using a 250 frame/s stereoradiographic system. Anatomical reference axes were determined from computed tomography scans. Kinematic differences between the uninjured and reconstructed limbs were evaluated with a repeated-measures analysis of variance. Anterior tibial translation was similar for the reconstructed and uninjured limbs. However, reconstructed knees were more externally rotated on average by 3.8 +/- 2.3 degrees across all subjects and time points (P =.0011). Reconstructed knees were also more adducted, by an average of 2.8 +/- 1.6 degrees (P =.0091). Although differences were small, they were consistent in all subjects. Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction failed to restore normal rotational knee kinematics during dynamic loading. Although further study is required, these abnormal motions may contribute to long-term joint degeneration associated with anterior cruciate ligament injury/reconstruction.
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              Parallel MR imaging.

              Vikas Gulani, Anagha Deshmane, Nicole Seiberlich … (2012)
              Parallel imaging is a robust method for accelerating the acquisition of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data, and has made possible many new applications of MR imaging. Parallel imaging works by acquiring a reduced amount of k-space data with an array of receiver coils. These undersampled data can be acquired more quickly, but the undersampling leads to aliased images. One of several parallel imaging algorithms can then be used to reconstruct artifact-free images from either the aliased images (SENSE-type reconstruction) or from the undersampled data (GRAPPA-type reconstruction). The advantages of parallel imaging in a clinical setting include faster image acquisition, which can be used, for instance, to shorten breath-hold times resulting in fewer motion-corrupted examinations. In this article the basic concepts behind parallel imaging are introduced. The relationship between undersampling and aliasing is discussed and two commonly used parallel imaging methods, SENSE and GRAPPA, are explained in detail. Examples of artifacts arising from parallel imaging are shown and ways to detect and mitigate these artifacts are described. Finally, several current applications of parallel imaging are presented and recent advancements and promising research in parallel imaging are briefly reviewed. Copyright © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Marc Garetier: marc.garetier@wanadoo.fr
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Insights Imaging
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Insights Imaging
                Title: Insights into Imaging
                Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg (Berlin/Heidelberg )
                ISSN (Electronic): 1869-4101
                Publication date (Electronic): 19 May 2020
                Publication date PMC-release: 19 May 2020
                Publication date Collection: December 2020
                Volume: 11
                Electronic Location Identifier: 66
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Radiology, Military Teaching Hospital Clermont-Tonnerre, Rue du colonel Fonferrier, 29240 Brest, Cedex 9 France
                [2 ]GRID grid.411766.3, ISNI 0000 0004 0472 3249, Department of Radiology, , University Hospital Morvan, ; Brest, France
                [3 ]GRID grid.463748.a, Laboratory of Medical Information Processing (LATIM), , INSERM-UMR 1101, ; Brest, France
                [4 ]GRID grid.6289.5, ISNI 0000 0001 2188 0893, University of Western Brittany (UBO), ; Brest, France
                [5 ]GRID grid.411766.3, ISNI 0000 0004 0472 3249, University Hospital, ; Brest, France
                [6 ]GRID grid.486295.4, IMT Atlantique, UBL, ; Brest, France
                [7 ]GRID grid.411766.3, ISNI 0000 0004 0472 3249, Department of Physical and Medical Rehabilitation, , University Hospital Morvan, ; Brest, France
                [8 ]Department of Paediatric Physical and Medical Rehabilitation, Fondation Ildys, Brest, France
                [9 ]GRID grid.411766.3, ISNI 0000 0004 0472 3249, Department of Radiology, , University Hospital La Cavale Blanche, ; Brest, France
                Article
                Publisher ID: 868
                DOI: 10.1186/s13244-020-00868-5
                PMC ID: 7237553
                PubMed ID: 32430739
                SO-VID: 800d1336-ef11-4faf-8f29-534858cc0629
                Copyright © © The Author(s) 2020
                License:

                Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

                History
                Date received : 23 November 2019
                Date accepted : 2 April 2020
                Categories
                Subject: Critical Review
                Custom metadata
                issue-copyright-statement © The Author(s) 2020

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Radiology & Imaging
                Keywords: joints,motion,musculoskeletal system,magnetic resonance imaging
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Radiology & Imaging
                Keywords: joints, motion, musculoskeletal system, magnetic resonance imaging

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