Pestalotioid fungi from Restionaceae in the Cape Floral
 Kingdom

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Abstract

Eight pestalotioid fungi were isolated from the Restionaceae growing in the Cape Floral Kingdom of South Africa. Sarcostroma restionis , Truncatella megaspora, T. restionacearum and T. spadicea are newly described. New records include Pestalotiopsis matildae, Sarcostroma lomatiae , Truncatella betulae and T. hartigii. To resolve generic affiliations, phylogenetic analyses were performed on ITS (ITS1, 5.8S, ITS2) and part of 28S rDNA. DNA data support the original generic concept of Truncatella, which encompasses Pestalotiopsis species having 3-septate conidia. The genus Sarcostroma is retained as separate from Seimatosporium.

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MEGA3: Integrated software for Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis and sequence alignment.

S. KUMAR (2004)

With its theoretical basis firmly established in molecular evolutionary and population genetics, the comparative DNA and protein sequence analysis plays a central role in reconstructing the evolutionary histories of species and multigene families, estimating rates of molecular evolution, and inferring the nature and extent of selective forces shaping the evolution of genes and genomes. The scope of these investigations has now expanded greatly owing to the development of high-throughput sequencing techniques and novel statistical and computational methods. These methods require easy-to-use computer programs. One such effort has been to produce Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) software, with its focus on facilitating the exploration and analysis of the DNA and protein sequence variation from an evolutionary perspective. Currently in its third major release, MEGA3 contains facilities for automatic and manual sequence alignment, web-based mining of databases, inference of the phylogenetic trees, estimation of evolutionary distances and testing evolutionary hypotheses. This paper provides an overview of the statistical methods, computational tools, and visual exploration modules for data input and the results obtainable in MEGA.

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Bioinformatics

Silvia Regina Cavani Jorge Santos, John Osborne, Rainer Breitling … (2011)

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Control of the shift from homolactic acid to mixed-acid fermentation in Lactococcus lactis: predominant role of the NADH/NAD+ ratio.

Marc D Lindley, J C Favarel Garrigues, P Loubiere … (1997)

During batch growth of Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis NCDO 2118 on various sugars, the shift from homolactic to mixed-acid metabolism was directly dependent on the sugar consumption rate. This orientation of pyruvate metabolism was related to the flux-controlling activity of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase under conditions of high glycolytic flux on glucose due to the NADH/NAD+ ratio. The flux limitation at the level of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase led to an increase in the pool concentrations of both glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone-phosphate and inhibition of pyruvate formate lyase activity. Under such conditions, metabolism was homolactic. Lactose and to a lesser extent galactose supported less rapid growth, with a diminished flux through glycolysis, and a lower NADH/NAD+ ratio. Under such conditions, the major pathway bottleneck was most probably at the level of sugar transport rather than glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. Consequently, the pool concentrations of phosphorylated glycolytic intermediates upstream of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase decreased. However, the intracellular concentration of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate remained sufficiently high to ensure full activation of lactate dehydrogenase and had no in vivo role in controlling pyruvate metabolism, contrary to the generally accepted opinion. Regulation of pyruvate formate lyase activity by triose phosphates was relaxed, and mixed-acid fermentation occurred (no significant production of lactate on lactose) due mostly to the strong inhibition of lactate dehydrogenase by the in vivo NADH/NAD+ ratio.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Stud Mycol

Title: Studies in Mycology

Publisher: CBS Fungal Biodiversity Centre

ISSN (Print): 0166-0616

ISSN (Electronic): 1872-9797

Publication date (Print): 2006

Volume: 55

Issue: 100 Years of Fungal Biodiversity in southern Africa

Pages: 175-187

Affiliations

[1 ] Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Lunnon Road, Hillcrest, Pretoria 0002, South Africa

[2 ] Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures, Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands

Author notes

[*]

Correspondence: Seonju Lee, seonju.lee@ 123456fabi.up.ac.za

Article

Publisher ID: 0175

DOI: 10.3114/sim.55.1.175

PMC ID: 2104724

PubMed ID: 18490978

SO-VID: 8058a24f-2ebd-4681-9032-38ba1ad1b49d

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Pestalotioid fungi from Restionaceae in the Cape Floral Kingdom

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Abstract

Related collections

Taxonomic intelligence

Most cited references 17

MEGA3: Integrated software for Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis and sequence alignment.

Bioinformatics

Control of the shift from homolactic acid to mixed-acid fermentation in Lactococcus lactis: predominant role of the NADH/NAD+ ratio.

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