Monitoring of polar organic compounds in fresh waters using the Chemcatcher passive sampler

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Abstract

The monitoring of polar organic pollutants in surface water is now undertaken to fulfil a number of legislative requirements. Passive sampling is being frequently used for this purpose and includes the commercially available Chemcatcher device. This protocol is based on knowledge that has been acquired over the past ten years in the use of the Chemcatcher for monitoring a wide range of polar organic compounds in freshwater. It provides detailed procedures and guidelines of how to prepare the sampler in the laboratory, deploy and retrieve the device in the field (including water and sampling site measurements) and subsequent sample processing in the laboratory up to instrumental analysis. By end users adopting this standardized, systematic protocol it will help to ensure the reproducibility of their monitoring data.

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Robust and detailed procedure for the sampling of polar pollutants in surface waters using the Chemcatcher passive sampler
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A low cost, novel and versatile apparatus for deploying the Chemcatcher at riverine sites
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Practical tips based on extensive experience of using the Chemcatcher are provided for end-users

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Most cited references 11

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Passive sampling techniques for monitoring pollutants in water

Branislav Vrana, Ian Allan, Richard Greenwood … (2005)

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Use of the Chemcatcher® passive sampler and time-of-flight mass spectrometry to screen for emerging pollutants in rivers in Gauteng Province of South Africa

Cornelius Rimayi, Luke Chimuka, Anthony Gravell … (2019)

Many rivers in urbanised catchments in South Africa are polluted by raw sewage and effluent to an extent that their ecological function has been severely impaired. The Hennops and Jukskei Rivers lying in the Hartbeespoort Dam catchment are two of the worst impacted rivers in South Africa and are in need of rehabilitation. Passive sampling (Chemcatcher® with a HLB receiving phase) together with high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry–targeted screening was used to provide high sensitivity and selectivity for the identification of a wide range of emerging pollutants in these urban waters. Over 200 compounds, including pesticides, pharmaceuticals and personal care products, drugs of abuse and their metabolites were identified. Many substances (~ 180) being detected for the first time in surface water in South Africa. General medicines and psychotropic drugs were the two most frequently detected groups in the catchment. These accounted for 49% of the emerging pollutants found. Of the general medicines, antihypertensive agents, beta-blocking and cardiac drugs were the most abundant (28%) classes detected. The Hennops site, downstream of a dysfunctional wastewater treatment plant, was the most polluted with 123 substances detected. From the compounds detected, peak intensity–based prioritisation was used to identify the five most abundant pollutants, being in the order caffeine > lopinavir > sulfamethoxazole > cotinine > trimethoprim. This work provides the largest available high-quality dataset of emerging pollutants detected in South African urban waters. The data generated in this study provides a solid foundation for subsequent work to further characterise (suspect screening) and quantify (target analysis) these substances. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s10661-019-7515-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Calibration and application of the Chemcatcher® passive sampler for monitoring acidic herbicides in the River Exe, UK catchment

Ian Townsend, Lewis Jones, Martin Broom … (2018)

Acidic herbicides are used to control broad-leaved weeds. They are stable, water-soluble, and with low binding to soil are found frequently in surface waters, often at concentrations above the EU Drinking Water Directive limit of 0.10 μg L−1. This presents a problem when such waters are abstracted for potable supplies. Understanding their sources, transport and fate in river catchments is important. We developed a new Chemcatcher® passive sampler, comprising a 3M Empore™ anion-exchange disk overlaid with a polyethersulphone membrane, for monitoring acidic herbicides (2,4-D, dicamba, dichlorprop, fluroxypyr, MCPA, MCPB, mecoprop, tricolpyr). Sampler uptake rates (R s = 0.044–0.113 L day−1) were measured in the laboratory. Two field trials using the Chemcatcher® were undertaken in the River Exe catchment, UK. Time-weighted average (TWA) concentrations of the herbicides obtained using the Chemcatcher® were compared with concentrations measured in spot samples of water. The two techniques gave complimentary monitoring data, with the samplers being able to measure stochastic inputs of MCPA and mecoprop occurring in field trial 1. Chemcatcher® detected a large input of MCPA not found by spot sampling during field trial 2. Devices also detected other pesticides and pharmaceuticals with acidic properties. Information obtained using the Chemcatcher® can be used to develop improved risk assessments and catchment management plans and to assess the effectiveness of any mitigation and remediation strategies. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s11356-018-2556-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Gary R. Fones: https://twitter.com/DrMarChem

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): MethodsX

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): MethodsX

Title: MethodsX

Publisher: Elsevier

ISSN (Electronic): 2215-0161

Publication date PMC-release: 03 February 2023

Publication date Collection: 2023

Publication date (Electronic): 03 February 2023

Volume: 10

Electronic Location Identifier: 102054

Affiliations

[a ]School of the Environment, Geography and Geosciences, University of Portsmouth, Burnaby Road, Portsmouth, PO1 3QL, UK

[b ]School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, White Swan Road, Portsmouth, PO1 2DT, UK

Author notes

[* ]Corresponding author. gary.fones@ 123456port.ac.uk https://twitter.com/DrMarChem

Article

Publisher Item ID: S2215-0161(23)00057-2 Publisher ID: 102054

DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2023.102054

PMC ID: 9958045

PubMed ID: 36851979

SO-VID: 80b8499b-2c17-4523-8e87-ada91f736c0c

License:

This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

Monitoring of polar organic compounds in fresh waters using the Chemcatcher passive sampler

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Most cited references 11

Passive sampling techniques for monitoring pollutants in water

Use of the Chemcatcher® passive sampler and time-of-flight mass spectrometry to screen for emerging pollutants in rivers in Gauteng Province of South Africa

Calibration and application of the Chemcatcher® passive sampler for monitoring acidic herbicides in the River Exe, UK catchment

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