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      Características do suicídio em Santa Catarina: um estudo do período de 2007 a 2016 Translated title: Características de suicidio en Santa Catarina: un estudio de período de 2007 a 2016 Translated title: Aspects of suicide in Santa Catarina: a study from 2007 to 2016

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          Abstract

          A morte por suicídio é considerada uma epidemia global e um importante problema de saúde pública. O objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever as características epidemiológicas do suicídio no estado de Santa Catarina. Trata-se de um estudo ecológico, espaço-temporal e descritivo. Foi analisada uma série histórica de 10 anos, a partir de dados do Sistema de Notificação de Mortalidade do Ministério da Saúde, no período 2007-2016. Os cálculos por macrorregiões revelaram taxas mais elevadas no Oeste do estado. As taxas apresentaram-se três a quatro vezes maiores no sexo masculino, aumentando conforme a idade. Verificaram-se maiores proporções de ocorrência de suicídio em brancos e nos casados. Enforcamento foi o meio mais utilizado por ambos os sexos. As elevadas taxas de óbitos por autoextermínio, observadas neste estado da federação, chamam atenção para necessidade de aprimoramento de políticas públicas para prevenção do suicídio.

          Translated abstract

          La muerte por suicidio es considerada una epidemia global y un importante problema de salud pública. El objetivo del estudio fue describir las características epidemiológicas de suicidio en el estado de Santa Catarina (SC). Se trata de estudio ecológico, espacio-temporal y descriptivo. Se analizó serie histórica de 10 años a partir de datos de lo Sistema de Información de Mortalidad del Ministerio de la Salud en el período 2006-2017. Los cálculos por macrorregiones revelaron tasas más altas en el Oeste. Las tasas fueron tres a cuatro veces mayores en hombres, lo que aumenta con la edad. Fueron mayores las proporciones de ocurrencia de suicidio en blancos y casados. El ahorcamiento fue el método más utilizado por ambos sexos. Las altas tasas de mortalidad por autoexterminio observadas en esse estado llaman atención para necesidad de mejorar políticas públicas para prevención del suicidio.

          Translated abstract

          As silent events, suicide deaths are also considered a global epidemic and an important public health problem. The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiological characteristics of suicide in the Brazilian state of Santa Catarina. It is an ecological, spatial-temporal and descriptive study. Data from historical series of 10 years were analyzed from Mortality Reporting System of the Ministry of Health in the period 2007-2016. Calculations by macroregions revealed higher rates in the state's Western region. Suicide rates show up three to four times higher in males, increasing proportionally to age. There was greater occurrence of suicide proportions among whites and married. Hanging was the most common method used by both sexes, to put an end to life. The high death rates for self-extermination observed in this state call attention to necessity for improvement of public policy for suicide prevention.

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          Gender differences in suicidal behavior in adolescents and young adults: systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies

          Objectives To assess the association between gender and suicide attempt/death and identify gender-specific risk/protective factors in adolescents/young adults. Methods Systematic review (5 databases until January 2017). Population-based longitudinal studies considering non-clinical populations, aged 12–26 years, assessing associations between gender and suicide attempts/death, or evaluating their gender risk/protective factors, were included. Random effect meta-analyses were performed. Results Sixty-seven studies were included. Females presented higher risk of suicide attempt (OR 1.96, 95% CI 1.54–2.50), and males for suicide death (HR 2.50, 95% CI 1.8–3.6). Common risk factors of suicidal behaviors for both genders are previous mental or substance abuse disorder and exposure to interpersonal violence. Female-specific risk factors for suicide attempts are eating disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, bipolar disorder, being victim of dating violence, depressive symptoms, interpersonal problems and previous abortion. Male-specific risk factors for suicide attempt are disruptive behavior/conduct problems, hopelessness, parental separation/divorce, friend’s suicidal behavior, and access to means. Male-specific risk factors for suicide death are drug abuse, externalizing disorders, and access to means. For females, no risk factors for suicide death were studied. Conclusions More evidence about female-specific risk/protective factors of suicide death, for adolescent/young adults, is needed. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00038-018-1196-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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            Suicidal action, emotional expression, and the performance of masculinities.

            Male rates of suicide are significantly higher than female rates in Ireland and other Western countries, yet the process and detail of men's suicidal action is relatively unknown. This is partly due to prevailing theoretical and methodological approaches. In this area of study, macro-level, quantitative approaches predominate; and theoretical frameworks tend to adopt unitary notions of men, as well as binary, oppositional, concepts of masculinity and femininity. This inquiry, based on in-depth interviews with 52 young Irish men who made a suicide attempt, examines suicidal behaviour at the individual level. The findings demonstrate that these men experienced high levels of emotional pain but had problems identifying symptoms and disclosing distress and this, along with the coping mechanisms used, was linked to a form of masculinity prevalent in their social environment. Dominant or hegemonic masculinity norms discouraged disclosure of emotional vulnerability, and participants used alcohol and drugs to cope - which exacerbated and prolonged their distress. Over time this led to a situation where they felt their options had narrowed, and suicidal action represented a way out of their difficulties. These men experienced significant, long-lasting, emotional pain but, in the context of lives lived in environments where prevailing constructions of masculinity constrained its expression, they opted for suicide rather than disclose distress and seek help. Underpinning this study is a presumption that binary notions of male and female emotions lack substance, but that the expression of emotions is gender-specific and constrained in some social localities.
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              Gender differences in preferences for psychological treatment, coping strategies, and triggers to help-seeking

              There is some evidence that men and women deal with stress in different ways; for example, a meta-analysis found that women prefer to focus on emotions as a coping strategy more than men do. However, sex differences in preferences for therapy is a subject little explored.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                epsic
                Estudos de Psicologia (Natal)
                Estud. psicol. (Natal)
                Programa de Pós-graduação em Psicologia e do Programa de Pós-graduação em Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (Natal, RN, Brazil )
                1413-294X
                1678-4669
                December 2018
                : 23
                : 4
                : 404-415
                Affiliations
                [03] orgnameUniversidade Anhembi Morumbi
                [02] orgnameSecretaria Municipal de Saúde de Florianópolis
                [01] orgnameUniversidade Federal de Santa Catarina
                Article
                S1413-294X2018000400007 S1413-294X(18)02300400007
                10.22491/1678-4669.20180038
                8363ae08-be4f-4668-83f6-0bebae531a38

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 29 November 2016
                : 10 July 2019
                : 27 February 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 55, Pages: 12
                Product

                SciELO Periódicos Eletrônicos em Psicologia

                Categories
                Psicologia Social Comunitária e Saúde Mental

                suicidio,salud pública,public health,saúde pública,mental health,epidemiology,saúde mental,epidemiologia,external causes,suicide,causas externas,suicídio,salud mental,epidemiología

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