Parinita Bhattacharjee:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3277-7693
Role: ConceptualizationRole: Formal analysisRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing
– review & editing
Shajy Isac: Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: MethodologyRole:
Writing – review & editing
Helgar Musyoki: Role: SupervisionRole: Writing – review & editing
Peter Gichangi: Role: Project administrationRole: SupervisionRole: Writing – review & editing
Huiting Ma: Role: Formal analysisRole: VisualizationRole: Writing – review & editing
Marissa Becker:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9235-0547
Role: ConceptualizationRole: Funding acquisitionRole: MethodologyRole: Project administrationRole:
SupervisionRole: Writing – review & editing
Jan Hontelez: Role: SupervisionRole: ValidationRole: Writing – review & editing
Sharmistha Mishra:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8492-5470
Role: ConceptualizationRole: Funding acquisitionRole: MethodologyRole: ResourcesRole:
SupervisionRole: Writing – review & editing
Jill Blumenthal: Role: Editor
Journal ID (nlm-ta): PLoS One
Journal ID (iso-abbrev): PLoS One
Journal ID (publisher-id): plos
Title:
PLOS ONE
Publisher:
Public Library of Science
(San Francisco, CA USA
)
ISSN
(Electronic):
1932-6203
Publication date
(Electronic):
25
July
2023
Publication date Collection: 2023
Volume: 18
Issue: 7
Electronic Location Identifier: e0288717
Affiliations
[1
]
Institute for Global Public Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
[2
]
Partners for Health and Development in Africa, Nairobi, Kenya
[3
]
National AIDS and STI Control Programme, Ministry of Health, Nairobi, Kenya
[4
]
International Centre for Reproductive Health- Kenya, Mombasa, Kenya
[5
]
St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Canada
[6
]
Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
[7
]
Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
[8
]
Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
[9
]
Institute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public
Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
University of California San Diego, UNITED STATES
Author notes
Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
¶ Complete membership of the author group can be found in the Acknowledgments.
Author information
Article
Publisher ID:
PONE-D-22-24072
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288717
PMC ID: 10368250
SO-VID: 83d94f3f-ffbe-448c-ae5a-4f632503c265
Copyright © © 2023 Bhattacharjee et al
License:
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the
Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided
the original author and source are credited.
Funded by:
Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR)
Award ID: MOP 13044
Funded by:
CIHR
Award ID: FDN 13455
Funded by:
BMGF
Award ID: INV006613
Award Recipient
:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3277-7693
Parinita Bhattacharjee
The study was funded by an operating grant (MOP-13044) from the Canadian Institutes
of Health Research (CIHR) and analyses funded via CIHR grant FDN 13455. MB, SM were
supported by CIHR grants - MOP 13044 and FDN13455. PB was supported by BMGF grant
- INV006613. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis,
decision to publish or preparation of the manuscript. There was no additional external
funding received for this study.
Subject:
Research Article
Subject:
Social Sciences
Subject:
Sociology
Subject:
Sexual and Gender Issues
Subject:
Sex Work
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Epidemiology
Subject:
Medical Risk Factors
Subject:
Traumatic Injury Risk Factors
Subject:
Violent Crime
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Public and Occupational Health
Subject:
Traumatic Injury Risk Factors
Subject:
Violent Crime
Subject:
Social Sciences
Subject:
Sociology
Subject:
Criminology
Subject:
Crime
Subject:
Violent Crime
Subject:
Medicine and health sciences
Subject:
Public and occupational health
Subject:
Preventive medicine
Subject:
HIV prevention
Subject:
Social Sciences
Subject:
Law and Legal Sciences
Subject:
Criminal Justice System
Subject:
Law Enforcement
Subject:
Police
Subject:
People and Places
Subject:
Population Groupings
Subject:
Professions
Subject:
Police
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Microbiology
Subject:
Medical Microbiology
Subject:
Microbial Pathogens
Subject:
Viral Pathogens
Subject:
Immunodeficiency Viruses
Subject:
HIV
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
Subject:
Pathogens
Subject:
Microbial Pathogens
Subject:
Viral Pathogens
Subject:
Immunodeficiency Viruses
Subject:
HIV
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Organisms
Subject:
Viruses
Subject:
Viral Pathogens
Subject:
Immunodeficiency Viruses
Subject:
HIV
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Organisms
Subject:
Viruses
Subject:
Immunodeficiency Viruses
Subject:
HIV
Subject:
Biology and life sciences
Subject:
Organisms
Subject:
Viruses
Subject:
RNA viruses
Subject:
Retroviruses
Subject:
Lentivirus
Subject:
HIV
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Microbiology
Subject:
Medical Microbiology
Subject:
Microbial Pathogens
Subject:
Viral Pathogens
Subject:
Retroviruses
Subject:
Lentivirus
Subject:
HIV
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
Subject:
Pathogens
Subject:
Microbial Pathogens
Subject:
Viral Pathogens
Subject:
Retroviruses
Subject:
Lentivirus
Subject:
HIV
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Organisms
Subject:
Viruses
Subject:
Viral Pathogens
Subject:
Retroviruses
Subject:
Lentivirus
Subject:
HIV
Subject:
People and Places
Subject:
Population Groupings
Subject:
Professions
Subject:
Sex Workers
Subject:
Female Sex Workers
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Epidemiology
Subject:
Medical Risk Factors
Subject:
Computer and Information Sciences
Subject:
Computer Networks
Subject:
Internet
