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      The Effects of Tai Chi on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Meta-Analysis

      review-article
      , , ,
      Journal of Diabetes Research
      Hindawi

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          Abstract

          Objective

          To investigate the effects of Tai chi in type 2 diabetes mellitus (type-2 DM) patients using systematic review and meta-analysis.

          Methods

          Seven electronic resource databases were searched, and randomized controlled trials on the role of Tai chi in type-2 DM patients were retrieved. The meta-analysis was performed with RevMan 5.3, and research quality evaluation was conducted with the modified Jadad scale.

          Results

          Fourteen studies, with 798 individuals related to the intervention of Tai chi on diabetes, were included. The results showed that, compared with nonexercise, Tai chi had the effect of lowering fasting blood glucose [MD = −1.39, 95% CI (−1.95, −0.84), P < 0.0001] and the subgroup effect size decreased with the increase of total exercise amount, there is no significant difference between Tai chi and other aerobic exercises [MD = −0.50, 95% CI (−1.02, 0.02), P = 0.06]; compared with nonexercise, Tai chi could reduce HbA1c [MD = −0.21, 95% CI (−0.61, 0.19), P = 0.31], and the group effect size decreased with the increase of total exercise amount. The reducing HbA1c effect of Tai chi was better than that of other aerobic exercises, but the difference was at the margin of statistical significance [MD = −0.19, 95% CI (−0.37, 0.00), P = 0.05]; compared with nonexercise, Tai chi had the effect of reducing 2 h postprandial blood glucose [MD = −2.07, 95% CI (−2.89, −1.26), P = 0.0002], there is no significant difference between Tai chi and other aerobic exercises in reducing 2 h postprandial blood glucose [MD = −0.44, 95% CI (−1.42, 0.54), P = 0.38].

          Conclusion

          Tai chi can effectively affect the management of blood glucose and HbA1c in type-2 DM patients. Long-term adherence to Tai chi has a better role in reducing blood glucose and HbA1c levels in type 2 DM patients.

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          Most cited references24

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          9. Cardiovascular Disease and Risk Management:Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2018

          (2018)
          The American Diabetes Association (ADA) "Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes" includes ADA's current clinical practice recommendations and is intended to provide the components of diabetes care, general treatment goals and guidelines, and tools to evaluate quality of care. Members of the ADA Professional Practice Committee, a multidisciplinary expert committee, are responsible for updating the Standards of Care annually, or more frequently as warranted. For a detailed description of ADA standards, statements, and reports, as well as the evidence-grading system for ADA's clinical practice recommendations, please refer to the Standards of Care Introduction Readers who wish to comment on the Standards of Care are invited to do so at professional.diabetes.org/SOC.
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            Synopsis of the 2017 U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs/U.S. Department of Defense Clinical Practice Guideline: Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

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              Effect of t'ai chi exercise on biochemical profiles and oxidative stress indicators in obese patients with type 2 diabetes.

              This study aimed to validate the effects of a simplified, gentle form of t'ai chi chuan in patients with type 2 diabetes and who are also obese. The study was designed to be a randomized controlled trial. This study was conducted in the department of metabolism and endocrinology at Cheng Ching Hospital, in Taichung, Taiwan. The study subjects were hospital-based patients with type 2 diabetes and who were also obese (ages 40-70, with a body-mass index [BMI] range of 30-35). The patients were randomly selected and grouped into t'ai chi exercise (TCE) and conventional exercise (CE) groups. After receiving instruction in t'ai chi, the TCE group and the CE group practiced three times per week, including one practice session lasting up to 1 hour, for 12 weeks. Hemoglobin A1C, serum lipid profile, serum malondialdehyde, and C-reactive protein were measured. Physical parameters of body weight and BMI were also measured. Diet and medications of participants were monitored carefully while biochemical and physical conditions were analyzed. After 12 weeks, hemoglobin A1C values of the TCE group did not decrease (8.9 ± 2.7% : 8.3 ± 2.2%; p = 0.064). BMI (33.5 ± 4.8 : 31.3 ± 4.2; p = 0.038) and serum lipids, including triglyceride (214 ± 47 mg/dL : 171 ± 34 mg/dL; p = 0.012) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (38 ± 16 mg/dL : 45 ± 18 mg/dL; p = 0.023) had significant improvements. Serum malondialdehyde tended to decrease from baseline (2.66 ± 0.78 μmol/L : 2.31 ± 0.55 μmol/L; p = 0.035), and C-reactive protein also decreased (0.39 ± 0.19 mg/dL : 0.22 ± 0.15 mg/dL; p = 0.014). No improvements occurred in BMI, lipids, and oxidative stress profiles in the CE group. T'ai chi exercise practiced by patients who are obese and have type 2 diabetes is efficient and safe when supervised by professionals and helps improve parameters, such as BMI, lipid profile, C-reactive protein, and malondialdehyde. Periodic monitoring of blood glucose, blood pressure, heart rate, breathing, physical fitness, and symptoms of discomfort of patients who exercise helps prevent injury. Simple, gentle TCE can be applied as regular daily exercise for patients with type 2 diabetes even when such patients are obese.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                J Diabetes Res
                J Diabetes Res
                JDR
                Journal of Diabetes Research
                Hindawi
                2314-6745
                2314-6753
                2018
                5 July 2018
                : 2018
                : 7350567
                Affiliations
                College of Physical Education, Shandong Normal University, 88 Wenhuadong Street, Jinan 250014, China
                Author notes

                Academic Editor: Eusebio Chiefari

                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6430-3292
                Article
                10.1155/2018/7350567
                6079589
                30116744
                843adf52-6538-4620-9ca9-d5298735e25d
                Copyright © 2018 Mengyao Chao et al.

                This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 28 January 2018
                : 11 June 2018
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