<p class="first" id="d4105572e86">A large body of research has emerged over the last
decade examining empirical models
of general and specific psychopathology, which take into account comorbidity among
psychiatric disorders and enable investigation of risk and protective factors that
are common across disorders. This systematic review presents findings from studies
of empirical models of psychopathology and transdiagnostic risk and protective factors
for psychopathology among young people (10-24 years). PsycInfo, Medline and EMBASE
were searched from inception to November 2020, and 41 studies were identified that
examined at least one risk or protective factor in relation to broad, empirically
derived, psychopathology outcomes. Results revealed several biological (executive
functioning deficits, earlier pubertal timing, genetic risk for ADHD and schizophrenia,
reduced gray matter volume), socio-environmental (stressful life events, maternal
depression) and psychological (low effortful control, high neuroticism, negative affectivity)
transdiagnostic risk factors for broad psychopathology outcomes, including general
psychopathology, internalising and externalising. Methodological complexities are
discussed and recommendations for future studies of empirical models of psychopathology
are presented. These results contribute to a growing body of support for transdiagnostic
approaches to prevention and intervention for psychiatric disorders and highlight
several promising avenues for future research.
</p>