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      Immunoception: defining brain-regulated immunity

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      Author(s): 1 , 2 , 1 , 2 , *
      Publication date PMC-release:
      Journal: Neuron

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          Abstract

          The emerging understanding of homeostatic neuroimmune interactions requires developing relevant terminology. In this NeuroView, Koren and Rolls define immunoception as the brain’s bidirectional monitoring and control of immunity. They propose that the physiological trace storing immune-related information, the immunengram, is distributed between the brain and memory cells residing in peripheral tissues.

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          Memory engrams: Recalling the past and imagining the future

          Sheena A. Josselyn, Susumu Tonegawa (2020)
          In 1904, Richard Semon introduced the term “engram” to describe the neural substrate for storing memories. An experience, Semon proposed, activates a subset of cells that undergo off-line, persistent chemical and/or physical changes to become an engram. Subsequent reactivation of this engram induces memory retrieval. Although Semon’s contributions were largely ignored in his lifetime, new technologies that allow researchers to image and manipulate the brain at the level of individual neurons has reinvigorated engram research. We review recent progress in studying engrams, including an evaluation of evidence for the existence of engrams, the importance of intrinsic excitability and synaptic plasticity in engrams, and the lifetime of an engram. Together, these findings are beginning to define an engram as the basic unit of memory.
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            Opposing Effects of Fasting Metabolism on Tissue Tolerance in Bacterial and Viral Inflammation.

            Andrew Wang, Sarah Huen, Harding Luan … (2016)
            Acute infections are associated with a set of stereotypic behavioral responses, including anorexia, lethargy, and social withdrawal. Although these so-called sickness behaviors are the most common and familiar symptoms of infections, their roles in host defense are largely unknown. Here, we investigated the role of anorexia in models of bacterial and viral infections. We found that anorexia was protective while nutritional supplementation was detrimental in bacterial sepsis. Furthermore, glucose was necessary and sufficient for these effects. In contrast, nutritional supplementation protected against mortality from influenza infection and viral sepsis, whereas blocking glucose utilization was lethal. In both bacterial and viral models, these effects were largely independent of pathogen load and magnitude of inflammation. Instead, we identify opposing metabolic requirements tied to cellular stress adaptations critical for tolerance of differential inflammatory states. VIDEO ABSTRACT.
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              Sleep and immune function

              Luciana Besedovsky, Tanja Lange, Jan Born (2011)
              Sleep and the circadian system exert a strong regulatory influence on immune functions. Investigations of the normal sleep–wake cycle showed that immune parameters like numbers of undifferentiated naïve T cells and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines exhibit peaks during early nocturnal sleep whereas circulating numbers of immune cells with immediate effector functions, like cytotoxic natural killer cells, as well as anti-inflammatory cytokine activity peak during daytime wakefulness. Although it is difficult to entirely dissect the influence of sleep from that of the circadian rhythm, comparisons of the effects of nocturnal sleep with those of 24-h periods of wakefulness suggest that sleep facilitates the extravasation of T cells and their possible redistribution to lymph nodes. Moreover, such studies revealed a selectively enhancing influence of sleep on cytokines promoting the interaction between antigen presenting cells and T helper cells, like interleukin-12. Sleep on the night after experimental vaccinations against hepatitis A produced a strong and persistent increase in the number of antigen-specific Th cells and antibody titres. Together these findings indicate a specific role of sleep in the formation of immunological memory. This role appears to be associated in particular with the stage of slow wave sleep and the accompanying pro-inflammatory endocrine milieu that is hallmarked by high growth hormone and prolactin levels and low cortisol and catecholamine concentrations.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-journal-id): 8809320
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Neuron
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Neuron
                Title: Neuron
                ISSN (Print): 0896-6273
                ISSN (Electronic): 1097-4199
                Publication date (Print): 02 November 2022
                Publication date Nihms-submitted: 04 September 2023
                Publication date PMC-release: 26 September 2023
                Volume: 110
                Issue: 21
                Pages: 3425-3428
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Immunology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
                [2 ]Department of Neuroscience, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
                Author notes
                [* ]Correspondence: rolls.asya@ 123456gmail.com
                Article
                Manuscript ID: EMS185466
                DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2022.10.016
                PMC ID: 7615112
                PubMed ID: 36327893
                SO-VID: 877bfbfc-83c3-4804-8371-c22aaaeb758a
                License:

                This work is licensed under a BY 4.0 International license.

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                ScienceOpen disciplines: Neurosciences
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                ScienceOpen disciplines: Neurosciences

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