Incidence and Risk Factors for Hypoxia in Deep Sedation of Propofol for Artificial Abortion Patients

Author(s): Yiling Fang ¹ ^, ² ^, ³ ^, ⁴ ^, ⁵ , Yaru Xu ⁴ , Silu Cao ⁴ , Xiaoru Sun ¹ ^, ² ^, ³ , Hui Zhang ⁴ , Qi Jing ⁴ , Li Tian ¹ ^, ² ^, ³ ^, ^* ^, , Cheng Li ¹ ^, ² ^, ³ ^, ^* ^,

Publication date (Electronic): 27 April 2022

Journal: Frontiers in Medicine

Publisher: Frontiers Media S.A.

Keywords: deep sedation, propofol anesthesia, hypoxia, patient anxiety, painless artificial abortion

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Abstract

Background

Respiratory depression is a life-threatening adverse effect of deep sedation. This study aimed to investigate the factors related to hypoxia caused by propofol during intravenous anesthesia.

Methods

Three hundred and eight patients who underwent painless artificial abortion in the outpatient department of Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital between November 1, 2019 and June 30, 2020 were divided into two groups according to whether the patients experienced hypoxia (SpO ₂ < 95%). Preoperative anxiety assessments, anesthesia process, and operation-related information of the two groups were analyzed. The univariate analysis results were further incorporated into logistic regression analysis for multivariate analysis to determine the independent risk factors affecting hypoxia.

Results

Univariate analysis revealed that body mass index (BMI) (21.80 ± 2.94 vs. 21.01 ± 2.39; P = 0.038, 95% confidence interval (CI) = [−1.54, −0.04]), propofol dose (15.83 ± 3.21 vs. 14.39 ± 3.01; P = 0.002, CI = [−2.34, −0.53]), menopausal days (49.64 ± 6.03 vs. 52.14 ± 5.73; P = 0.004, CI = [0.79, 4.21]), State Anxiety Inventory score (51.19 ± 7.55 vs. 44.49 ± 8.96; P < 0.001, CI = [−9.26, −4.15]), and Self-rating Anxiety Scale score (45.86 ± 9.48 vs. 42.45 ± 9.88; P = 0.021, CI = [−6.30, −0.53]) were statistically significant risk factors for hypoxia during the operation. Logistic regression analysis showed that propofol dosage, menopausal days, and State Anxiety Inventory score were independent risk factors for hypoxia.

Conclusion

Patient anxiety affects the incidence of hypoxia when undergoing deep intravenous anesthesia with propofol. We can further speculate that alleviating patient anxiety can reduce the incidence of hypoxia.

Clinical Trial Registration

[ http://www.chictr.org.cn], identifier [ChiCTR2000032167].

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Most cited references 48

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Measures of anxiety: State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Anxiety (HADS-A).

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Is Open Access

Unintended pregnancy and abortion by income, region, and the legal status of abortion: estimates from a comprehensive model for 1990–2019

Jonathan M. Bearak, Anna Popinchalk, Bela Ganatra … (2020)

Unintended pregnancy and abortion estimates document trends in sexual and reproductive health and autonomy. These estimates inform and motivate investment in global health programmes and policies. Variability in the availability and reliability of data poses challenges for measuring and monitoring trends in unintended pregnancy and abortion. We developed a new statistical model that jointly estimated unintended pregnancy and abortion that aimed to better inform efforts towards global equity in sexual and reproductive health and rights.

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Author and article information

Contributors

Yiling Fang: URI : http://loop.frontiersin.org/people/1701446/overview

Yaru Xu: URI : http://loop.frontiersin.org/people/971107/overview

Silu Cao: URI : http://loop.frontiersin.org/people/1701433/overview

Xiaoru Sun: URI : http://loop.frontiersin.org/people/1561425/overview

Hui Zhang: URI : http://loop.frontiersin.org/people/1765485/overview

Qi Jing: URI : http://loop.frontiersin.org/people/1350520/overview

Li Tian: URI : http://loop.frontiersin.org/people/1463278/overview

Cheng Li: URI : http://loop.frontiersin.org/people/938496/overview

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Front Med (Lausanne)

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Front Med (Lausanne)

Journal ID (publisher-id): Front. Med.

Title: Frontiers in Medicine

Publisher: Frontiers Media S.A.

ISSN (Electronic): 2296-858X

Publication date (Electronic): 27 April 2022

Publication date Collection: 2022

Volume: 9

Electronic Location Identifier: 763275

Affiliations

[1] ¹Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, School of Medicine, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital, Tongji University , Shanghai, China

[2] ²School of Medicine, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital, Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Tongji University , Shanghai, China

[3] ³Clinical Research Center for Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Tongji University , Shanghai, China

[4] ⁴Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine , Shanghai, China

[5] ⁵Department of General Practice, Zhangjiagang First People’s Hospital, Affiliated to Soochow University School of Medicine , Zhangjiagang, China

Author notes

Edited by: Somchai Amornyotin, Mahidol University, Thailand

Reviewed by: Björn Weiss, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Lei Zhang, Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, China

*Correspondence: Li Tian, 13992868902@ 123456163.com

Cheng Li, chengli_2017@ 123456tongji.edu.cn

^†These authors have contributed equally to this work

This article was submitted to Intensive Care Medicine and Anesthesiology, a section of the journal Frontiers in Medicine

Article

DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.763275

PMC ID: 9092022

PubMed ID: 35572953

SO-VID: 87ff2942-aad4-424b-b9d1-869187b8a066

License:

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

History

Date received : 23 August 2021

Date accepted : 04 April 2022

Page count

Figures: 2, Tables: 2, Equations: 0, References: 48, Pages: 7, Words: 4786

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Incidence and Risk Factors for Hypoxia in Deep Sedation of Propofol for Artificial Abortion Patients

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Abstract

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Clinical Trial Registration

Related collections

Artificial Intelligence in Medicine

Most cited references 48

A rating instrument for anxiety disorders.

Measures of anxiety: State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Anxiety (HADS-A).

Unintended pregnancy and abortion by income, region, and the legal status of abortion: estimates from a comprehensive model for 1990–2019

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Journal

Affiliations

Author notes

Article

History

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Cited by 4

Most referenced authors 543